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Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 45, Issue 16, 1622003(2025)

Refractive, Reflective/Diffractive Hybrid Optical System Based on Human Eye Visual Sensitivity

Chenxiao Li1, Yuanming Zhao3, Yu Zhang4, Bo Zhang1,2、*, Mingxu Piao1, Yiqiao Yuan1, and Junjie Gao1
Author Affiliations
  • 1School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin , China
  • 2Institute of Space Optoelectronics Technology, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, Jilin , China
  • 3The 27th Research Institute of CETC, Zhengzhou 450047, Henan , China
  • 4The 11th Research Institute of CETC, Beijing 100015, China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (16)
    Equations (0)
    References (28)
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    Figures & Tables(16)
    Visual sensitivity curve of human eye in 0.4‒0.7 μm wavelength band

    Fig. 1. Visual sensitivity curve of human eye in 0.4‒0.7 μm wavelength band

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    Flow chart of SLDOE optimization design based on ESDE

    Fig. 2. Flow chart of SLDOE optimization design based on ESDE

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    Schematic diagram of Pancake folded optical system

    Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of Pancake folded optical system

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    Optical path of initial structure

    Fig. 4. Optical path of initial structure

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    Diagram of pupil shift. (a) Pupil shift in directions of optical axis and perpendicular axis; (b) 6 specific pupil positions

    Fig. 5. Diagram of pupil shift. (a) Pupil shift in directions of optical axis and perpendicular axis; (b) 6 specific pupil positions

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    Lateral color of system at six specific pupil positions before optimization

    Fig. 6. Lateral color of system at six specific pupil positions before optimization

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    Optical path of system at different pupil offset positions after optimization

    Fig. 7. Optical path of system at different pupil offset positions after optimization

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    Comparison of axial color aberration of system before and after optimization

    Fig. 8. Comparison of axial color aberration of system before and after optimization

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    Lateral color of system at six specific pupil positions before and after optimization

    Fig. 9. Lateral color of system at six specific pupil positions before and after optimization

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    MTF at six specific pupil positions after optimization

    Fig. 10. MTF at six specific pupil positions after optimization

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    Comparison of results of traditional and optimized methods. (a) ESDE of both methods; (b) diffraction efficiency of both methods

    Fig. 11. Comparison of results of traditional and optimized methods. (a) ESDE of both methods; (b) diffraction efficiency of both methods

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    Characteristic parameter curves of diffractive surface

    Fig. 12. Characteristic parameter curves of diffractive surface

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    • Table 1. Display and optical system indicators

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      Table 1. Display and optical system indicators

      ParameterValue
      Wavelength spectrum /μm0.45‒0.65
      Screen size /（mm×mm）27.65×25.92
      Screen /（pixel×pixel）2304×2160
      Pixel size /μm12
      Effective focal length /mm25
      Exit pupil diameter /mm4
      Eye relief /mm15
      Field of view /（°）96
      Overall length /mm<22
      Aperture /mm<60

    • Table 2. Parameters of refractive, reflective/diffractive hybrid optical system

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      Table 2. Parameters of refractive, reflective/diffractive hybrid optical system

      SurfaceTypeRadius /nmThickness /nmConicMaterial
      1 stopStandardInfinity15.000-
      2StandardInfinity10.431-APL5014CL
      3Standard-41.2692.099-3.002
      4Even asphere-45.3332.4260.336EP9000
      5Even asphere-63.8370.5750.801
      6Even asphere-105.7884.7043.097COC
      7 DOEBinary 2-104.8151.500-

    • Table 3. Aspheric coefficients of refractive, reflective/diffractive hybrid optical system

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      Table 3. Aspheric coefficients of refractive, reflective/diffractive hybrid optical system

      Surfaceα2α3α4α5
      4-3.120×10-64.132×10-9-1.440×10-126.349×10-15
      5-3.543×10-62.324×10-93.272×10-12-4.282×10-15
      6-1.402×10-62.652×10-9-1.969×10-121.120×10-15
      7-2.090×10-53.202×10-101.099×10-10-1.931×10-13

    • Table 4. Minimum MTF of system before and after being affected by diffraction efficiency (42 lp/mm)

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      Table 4. Minimum MTF of system before and after being affected by diffraction efficiency (42 lp/mm)

      PositionABCDEF
      MTFmin0.5030.3480.3690.3660.2040.211
      MTFminDE0.4540.3140.3330.3310.1840.191
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    Chenxiao Li, Yuanming Zhao, Yu Zhang, Bo Zhang, Mingxu Piao, Yiqiao Yuan, Junjie Gao. Refractive, Reflective/Diffractive Hybrid Optical System Based on Human Eye Visual Sensitivity[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(16): 1622003

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    Paper Information

    Category: Optical Design and Fabrication

    Received: Mar. 4, 2025

    Accepted: May. 26, 2025

    Published Online: Aug. 18, 2025

    The Author Email: Bo Zhang (zhangboyiran@163.com)

    DOI:10.3788/AOS250691

    CSTR:32393.14.AOS250691

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology