NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, Volume. 47, Issue 7, 070501(2024)
Application of GEM elemental logging in shale reservoir sedimentary environment identification
Figures & Tables(15)
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the interaction process between neutrons and strata
Fig. 2. Structural diagram of the GEM element capture spectrum logging tool
Fig. 3. Core analysis and mineral components calibration chart of GEM in the Niutitang Formation of the BY2 Well
Fig. 4. Distribution of clay minerals in the Niutitang Formation of the BY2 Well (3 102.39~3 170.5 m, color online)
Fig. 5. Logging curves of GEM element capture of the Niutitang Formation in the BY2 Well
Fig. 6. Identification of major elements in the tectonic background of the source area(a) Fe+Mg—Ti diagram, (b) Fe+Mg—Al/Si diagram
Fig. 7. Source characteristics of the Niutitang Formation (a) Al—Ti diagram, (b) Fe/(Fe+Mg)—Si diagram
Fig. 9. Photographs of the Niutitang Formation core in the BY2 Well (a) Carbonaceous mudstone in the lower part of the Niutitang Formation, (b) Siliceous rock at the bottom of Niutitang Formation, (c) Phosphorus nodules develop at the bottom layer of the Niutitang Formation, (d) The upper part of the Niutitang Formation is composed of muddy limestone mixed with black mudstone
Table 1. Relationship between major elements and minerals
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Relationship between major elements and minerals
元素 Element 矿物 Mineral 硅 Si 石英Quartz 钙 Ca 方解石、白云石Calcite, dolomite 硫 S 石膏、黄铁矿Gypsum, pyrite 铁 Fe 黄铁矿、菱铁矿Pyrite, siderite 铝 Al 蒙脱石、伊利石Montmorillonite, illite 钛 Ti 黏土矿物Clay minerals 钆 Gd 黏土矿物、重矿物
Clay minerals, heavy minerals
Table 2. Technical parameters of the GEM element capture spectrum logging tool
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Technical parameters of the GEM element capture spectrum logging tool
测量指标 Measurement range 最大耐压Max Pressure / MPa 137 最大耐温
Max temperature / ℃
177 硬件参数Hardware parameters 放射源类型Type of radiation source 55.5×1010 Bq镅铍中子源55.5×1010 Bq americium beryllium neutron source 晶体类型Crystal type BGO闪烁计数器 BGO scintillation counter 采样间隔Sampling interval / point∙m-1 10个 Ten points 测量参数Measurement parameters 伽马测量能级范围Gamma measurement energy level range / MeV 0.6 ~ 9.5纵向分辨率
Vertical resolution / mm
457.2 探测范围
Detection range / mm
152.4 初始测量曲线
Initial measurement curve
H、C、O、Mg、Al、Si、S、Cl、K、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe和Gd等元素的产额
H, C, O, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Gd element yield
解谱处理方法
Spectral analysis processing method
通过氧化物闭合模型计算的Mg、Al、Si、S、K、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe和Gd等元素的质量百分比
Mass percentages of elements such as Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, and Gd calculated using the oxide closure model
Table 3. Comparison of GEM logging stratification in the BY2 Well
View tableView in ArticleTable 3. Comparison of GEM logging stratification in the BY2 Well
系System 统Series 组Group 代号Code 底深Bottom depth / m 厚度Thickness / m 岩性描述 Lithology description 沉积相Sedimentary facies 寒武系
Cambrian
下统
Lower series
清虚洞组
Qingxudong
Є 1q 2 173 162 深灰色灰岩、泥质灰岩、云质灰岩
Dark gray limestone, muddy limestone, and cloudy limestone
台地陆棚
Platform shelf
石牌组
Shipai
Є 1s 3 071 898 深灰、灰黑色泥岩夹深灰色砂质泥岩、含灰泥岩，底部灰黑色泥岩、含碳泥岩
Dark gray, grayish black mudstone mixed with dark gray sandy mudstone, containing limestone, bottom grayish black mudstone, containing carbon mudstone
浅海陆棚
Shallow sea shelf
牛蹄塘组
Niutitang
Є 1n 3 114 43 深灰色泥质灰岩、灰质泥岩Dark gray argillaceous limestone, calcareous mudstone 滞流盆地缓坡
Slow slope of stagnant basin
Є 1n 3 171.5 57.5 灰黑色碳质泥岩，底部含磷结核Grey black carbonaceous mudstone with phosphorus nodules at the bottom 滞流盆地
Stagnant basin
震旦系
Sinian
上统
Upper series
留茶坡组
Liuchape
Z2l 3 239 67.5 灰黑、深灰色硅质岩夹少量炭质泥岩
Grey black, dark gray siliceous rock with a small amount of carbonaceous mudstone
滞流盆地
Stagnant basin
陡山坨组（未穿）
Doushantue
(TD)
Z2d 3 275.0 36 灰色灰质云岩
Gray gray limestone
滞流盆地
Stagnant basin
Table 4. Average layered distribution of GEM element weight ratios in the BY2 Well (decimal format)
View tableView in ArticleTable 4. Average layered distribution of GEM element weight ratios in the BY2 Well (decimal format)
地层名称Formation 井深Depth / m 铝
Al
钙
Ca
铁
Fe
钾
K
镁
Mg
锰
Mn
硅
Si
硫
S
钛
Ti
岩性 Lithology 沉积相Sedimentary facies 组Group 段Section 牛蹄塘组Niutitang Є1n 上段
Upper
3 071~3 114 0.020 1 0.158 5 0.026 9 0.015 1 0.021 1 0.000 2 0.189 7 0.016 3 0.003 7 灰色泥质灰岩Gray argillaceous limestone 滞流盆地缓坡
Slow slope of stagnant basin
下段
Lower
3 114~3 171.5 0.041 5 0.027 2 0.032 1 0.018 3 0.002 7 0.000 2 0.344 1 0.017 8 0.002 4 黑色泥页岩
Black shale
滞流盆地
Stagnant basin
Table 5. Sedimentary environment identification indicators
View tableView in ArticleTable 5. Sedimentary environment identification indicators
判别指标
Identification index
沉积环境指标Sedimentary environmental index 牛蹄塘组Niutitang group 低值
Low value
中等
Middle value
高值
High value
上段
Upper section
下段
Lower section
平均
Average
物源分析Provenance
analysis
ω(Al)/
ω(Al+Fe+Mn)
0.10~0.40 大洋中脊沉积物
Midocean ridge sediments
0.40~0.70远洋盆地
Ocean basin
0.50~0.9大陆边缘
Continental margin
0.43 0.56 0.50 沉积情况Sedimentation situation ω(Fe/Ti) <20
正常沉积
Normal sedimentation
>20
热水参与
Hot water participation
7.27 13.38 10.33 ICV <1
再循环沉积
Recirculating deposition
>1
首次沉积
First sedimentation
11.22 2.16 6.69
Table 6. Al/Ti ratio of shale in the Niutitang Formation
View tableView in ArticleTable 6. Al/Ti ratio of shale in the Niutitang Formation
澳大利亚Australia PAAS 中国
China
牛蹄塘组
Niutitang group
鄂尔多斯盆地
Ordos Basin
珠江
The Pearl River
黄河
Yellow River
长江
Yangtze River
上段Upper section 下段Lower section Al/Ti 14 18.75 15.59 15.6 16.8 5.43 17.2 数据来源
Data sources
太古宙页岩
Archaean shale
神东矿区延安组煤层岩心
Core of Yanan Formation coal seam in Shendong mining area
南海北部表层
Surface layer in the northern South China Sea
黄海岩心
Yellow Sea core
东海岩心
Donghai Sea core
元素测井
GEM
元素测井
GEM
Tools
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Bin LI, Zhenguo DONG, Qun LUO. Application of GEM elemental logging in shale reservoir sedimentary environment identification[J]. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, 2024, 47(7): 070501
Paper Information
Category: Research Articles
Received: Jul. 20, 2023
Accepted: --
Published Online: Aug. 27, 2024
The Author Email: DONG Zhenguo (董振国)
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