Fig. 1. (a) Schematic and (b) setup of laser welding experiment

Fig. 2. (a) Macro-morphology and (b) cross-sectional morphology of Fe/Al welding joints without magnetic field; (c) macro-morphology and (d) cross-sectional morphology of Fe/Al welding joints with magnetic field

Fig. 3. Schematic of electromagnetic stirring

Fig. 4. EDS diagrams of welding joints. (a) Without magnetic field; (b) with magnetic field

Fig. 5. SEM image of Fe/Al welding-joint area

Fig. 6. XRD analysis of Fe/Al welding-joint area

Fig. 7. EDS line-scanning analysis of Fe/Al welding-joint area

Fig. 8. Morphology and microstructure of welding joints. (a) Without magnetic field; (b) with magnetic field

Fig. 9. SEM images of fractures. (a) Without magnetic field; (b) with magnetic field

Fig. 10. XRD diagrams of fractures. (a) Without magnetic field; (b) with magnetic field

Fig. 11. Partial enlarged images of fractures. (a) Without magnetic field; (b) with magnetic field