Fig. 1. Chemical structures of（a）monomer HCM-009，（b）monomer HCM-021，（c）photoinitiator Irg-651 and（d）GO.

Fig. 2. （a）Preparation process of graphene oxide/liquid crystal network composite film；（b）Photos of liquid crystal network and composite film.

Fig. 3. （a）Schematic diagrams of phase transitions of liquid crystal phases and isotropic phases with temperature change；（b）Schematic diagram of thermotropic macroscopic deformation of liquid crystal network film and graphene oxide film.

Fig. 4. Schematic representation of the deformation of type Ⅰ composite film and type Ⅱ composite film before and after external field stimulation

Fig. 5. POM images of mixed liquid crystals under different temperature

Fig. 6. Photos of（a）type Ⅱ and（b）type Ⅱ composite film on a heating stage；（c）Type I and（d）type Ⅱcomposite film under infrared light.

Fig. 7. Bending angle of type I and Ⅱ composite films with different thicknesses affected by（a and c）heating stage temperature and（b and d）infrared light intensity

Fig. 8. Photos of（a）type Ⅰ and（b）type Ⅱ composite film with different thicknesses on 65 ℃ heating stage and under infrared light，respectively，for the same length and varying width.

Fig. 9. Bending angle，response time and recovery time on the heating stage（a1~c1）and under infrared light（d1~f1）for type Ⅰ composite films when the width is changed；Bending angle，response time and recovery time on the heating stage（a2~c2）and under infrared light（d2~f2）for type Ⅱ composite films when the width is changed.

Fig. 10. Photos of（a）type Ⅰ（b）type Ⅱ composite film with different thicknesses on 65 ℃ heating stage and under infrared light，respectively，for the same width and varying length.

Fig. 11. Bending angle，response time and recovery time of type Ⅰ composite films on the heating stage（a1~c1）and under infrared light（d1~f1）when the length is changed；Bending angle，response time and recovery time of type Ⅱ composite films on the heating stage（a2~c2）and under infrared light（d2~f2）when the length is changed.

Fig. 12. （a）Physical diagram of Mimosa pudica leaf deformation under strong light；（b）GO-LCNs composite film simulating the bionic Mimosa pudica leaf deformation process under infrared light.

Fig. 13. GO-LCN composite film simulates bionic clip scaling process under infrared light