Rapid discrimination of upconversion luminescence ability of Yb<sup>3+</sup>/Er<sup>3+</sup> co-doped lutetium-based fluoride crystals

Yang GAO; Tinghua WANG; Qiang LYU

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5630.202401190010

Optical Instruments, Volume. 47, Issue 2, 58(2025)

Rapid discrimination of upconversion luminescence ability of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped lutetium-based fluoride crystals

Yang GAO¹, Tinghua WANG², and Qiang LYU^1、*

Author Affiliations

¹School of Medical Imaging, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China

²Enrollment and Employment Department, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China

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Figures & Tables(11)

Fig. 1. XRD patterns of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped NaYF₄, LiLuF₄, NaLuF₄, KLu₂F₇, RbLu₂F₇, and CsLu₂F₇

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Fig. 2. TEM images and SEAD patterns of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped sub-micro/ nanocrystals

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Fig. 3. Raman spectra of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped LiLuF₄, NaLuF₄, KLu₂F₇, RbLu₂F₇, CsLu₂F₇, and NaYF₄ sub-micro/nanocrystals

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Fig. 4. Upconversion luminescence spectra of sub-micro/nanocrystals under a 980 nm laser excitation with different power densities

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Fig. 5. Upconversion luminescence comparison of sub-micron/nanocrystals under different pump power densities

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Fig. 6. Energy level diagram of Er³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions, as well as corresponding absorption, radiative/non-radiative transitions

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Fig. 7. Dependency of upconversion luminescence intensity（I_up）on incident pump power density（P）

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Table 1. Maximum and average sizes of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped MLu_xF_y and NaYF₄ particles
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Table 1. Maximum and average sizes of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped MLu_xF_y and NaYF₄ particles
Yb³⁺/Er³⁺双掺样品 LiLuF₄ NaLuF₄ KLu₂F₇ RbLu₂F₇ CsLu₂F₇ NaYF₄
粒子最大尺寸/nm 228.4 154.2 120.2 109.0 54.6 67.2
粒子平均尺寸/nm 93.7 87.5 51.7 44.4 33.1 39.6

Table 2. Maximum phonon energies of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped LiLuF₄, NaLuF₄, KLu₂F₇, RbLu₂F₇, CsLu₂F₇, and NaYF₄ sub-micro/nanocrystals
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Table 2. Maximum phonon energies of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped LiLuF₄, NaLuF₄, KLu₂F₇, RbLu₂F₇, CsLu₂F₇, and NaYF₄ sub-micro/nanocrystals
Yb³⁺/Er³⁺双掺样品 LiLuF₄ NaLuF₄ KLu₂F₇ RbLu₂F₇ CsLu₂F₇ NaYF₄
最大声子能量/cm⁻¹ 185 500 442 402 492 500

Table 3. Pump power thresholds of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped MLu_xF_y and NaYF₄ sub-micron/nanocrystals
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Table 3. Pump power thresholds of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped MLu_xF_y and NaYF₄ sub-micron/nanocrystals
Yb³⁺/Er³⁺双掺样品 LiLuF₄ NaLuF₄ KLu₂F₇ RbLu₂F₇ CsLu₂F₇ NaYF₄
泵浦功率阈值 /（W·cm⁻²） 67 1 325 1 684 1 235 2 314 1 055

Table 4. Occupation numbers relative to maximum phonon energy and electronic energy gap （ΔE=3 691 cm⁻¹）
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Table 4. Occupation numbers relative to maximum phonon energy and electronic energy gap （ΔE=3 691 cm⁻¹）
Yb³⁺/Er³⁺双掺样品 LiLuF₄ NaLuF₄ KLu₂F₇ RbLu₂F₇ CsLu₂F₇ NaYF₄
晶格振动占据数 20 7 8 9 8 7

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Yang GAO, Tinghua WANG, Qiang LYU. Rapid discrimination of upconversion luminescence ability of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped lutetium-based fluoride crystals[J]. Optical Instruments, 2025, 47(2): 58

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Paper Information

Category:

Received: Jan. 19, 2024

Accepted: --

Published Online: May. 30, 2025

The Author Email: Qiang LYU (qianglue@mdjmu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5630.202401190010

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Maximum and average sizes of Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped MLuxFy and NaYF4 particles

Table 1. Maximum and average sizes of Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped MLuxFy and NaYF4 particles

Table 2. Maximum phonon energies of Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped LiLuF4, NaLuF4, KLu2F7, RbLu2F7, CsLu2F7, and NaYF4 sub-micro/nanocrystals

Table 2. Maximum phonon energies of Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped LiLuF4, NaLuF4, KLu2F7, RbLu2F7, CsLu2F7, and NaYF4 sub-micro/nanocrystals

Table 3. Pump power thresholds of Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped MLuxFy and NaYF4 sub-micron/nanocrystals

Table 3. Pump power thresholds of Yb3+/Er3+ co-doped MLuxFy and NaYF4 sub-micron/nanocrystals

Table 4. Occupation numbers relative to maximum phonon energy and electronic energy gap （ΔE=3 691 cm−1）

Table 4. Occupation numbers relative to maximum phonon energy and electronic energy gap （ΔE=3 691 cm−1）

Table 1. Maximum and average sizes of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped MLu_xF_y and NaYF₄ particles

Table 1. Maximum and average sizes of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped MLu_xF_y and NaYF₄ particles

Table 2. Maximum phonon energies of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped LiLuF₄, NaLuF₄, KLu₂F₇, RbLu₂F₇, CsLu₂F₇, and NaYF₄ sub-micro/nanocrystals

Table 2. Maximum phonon energies of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped LiLuF₄, NaLuF₄, KLu₂F₇, RbLu₂F₇, CsLu₂F₇, and NaYF₄ sub-micro/nanocrystals

Table 3. Pump power thresholds of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped MLu_xF_y and NaYF₄ sub-micron/nanocrystals

Table 3. Pump power thresholds of Yb³⁺/Er³⁺ co-doped MLu_xF_y and NaYF₄ sub-micron/nanocrystals

Table 4. Occupation numbers relative to maximum phonon energy and electronic energy gap （ΔE=3 691 cm⁻¹）

Table 4. Occupation numbers relative to maximum phonon energy and electronic energy gap （ΔE=3 691 cm⁻¹）