[3] [3] CULLINEY, K. EC Stands by ECHA rulings for animal data on cosmetic ingredients under REACH[EB/OL]. (2020-12-07) [2025-05-17]. https://www.cosmeticsdesign-europe.com/Article/2020/12/04/European-Commission-stands-by-ECHA-Board-of-Appeal-Symrise-rulings-for-animal-data-under-REACH.

[4] [4] SILVA R J, TAMBURIC S. A state-of-the-art review on the alternatives to animal testing for the safety assessment of cosmetics[J]. Cosmetics, 2022, 9(5): 90. DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9050090.

[8] [8] MEHLING A, KOLLE S N, WAREING B, et al. True grit: a story of perseverance making two out of three the first non-animal testing strategy (adopted as OECD guideline No. 497)[J]. Cosmetics, 2022, 9(1): 22. DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9010022.

[10] [10] PANG K L, JIANG R C, ZHANG W, et al. An App knock-in rat model for Alzheimer's disease exhibiting A and tau pathologies, neuronal death and cognitive impairments[J]. Cell Res, 2022, 32(2): 157-175. DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00582-x.

[11] [11] Government of the United Kingdom. Scientific advisory group on chemical safety in consumer products[EB/OL]. (2021-07-29) [2025-05-17]. https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/scientific-advisory-group-on-chemical-safety-in-consumer-products.

[13] [13] MACMILLAN D S, BERGQVIST A, BURGESS-ALLEN E, et al. The last resort requirement under REACH: from principle to practice[J]. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol, 2024, 147: 105557. DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105557.

[15] [15] HAN Y B, KIM H Y, KIM H R. Development of a novelin vitrorespiratory sensitization assay and its application in an integrated testing strategy (ITS)[J]. Arch Toxicol, 2025, 99(2): 775-785. DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03924-x.