Fig. 1. Doppler lidar. (a) Appearance of the lidar; (b) schematic diagram of the DBS 5 beams

Fig. 2. Wind vectors detection by lidar. (a) u component; (b) v component

Fig. 3. Loss function. (a) u component; (b) v component

Fig. 4. Performance evaluation metrics for predicting 24 wind profiles using the Bi-LSTM model are R², RMSE, and MAE. (a)(b)(c) u component; (d)(e)(f) v component

Fig. 5. Box plots of evaluation metrics for predicting the u and v components of 24 wind profiles using multiple look backs for two models. (a) R²; (b) RMSE; (c) MAE

Fig. 6. Missing wind profiles prediction based on Bi-LSTM. (a) u component; (b) v component; (c) data acquisition rate

Fig. 7. Wind profile prediction based on Bi-LSTM model. (a) 15:30 on 21 April; (b) 12:00 on 22 April

Fig. 8. Box plots of evaluation metrics for predicting the u and v components of 24 wind profiles at low and high altitudes. (a) R²; (b) RMSE; (c) MAE