Experimental and Theoretical Modeling Analysis of Picosecond Laser Black Marking of Aluminum Alloys

Fukang Liu; Jianmei Li

doi:10.3788/LOP223165

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 60, Issue 23, 2314005(2023)

Experimental and Theoretical Modeling Analysis of Picosecond Laser Black Marking of Aluminum Alloys

Fukang Liu and Jianmei Li^*

Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Machinery Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China

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Figures & Tables(13)

Fig. 1. Grayscale images of laser-marked samples and unmarked substrate sample

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Fig. 2. Sample surfaces at different scanning intervals when laser marking overlap rate is 98%. (a) 20 μm; (b) 25 μm; (c) 50 μm; (d) 75 μm

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Fig. 3. Cross section shapes of sample surfaces at different scanning intervals when laser marking overlap rate is 98%. (a) 20 μm; (b) 25 μm; (c) 50 μm; (d) 75 μm

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Fig. 4. Diagrams of light reflection of different surfaces. (a) Unmarked metal surface; (b) marked surface with small H_z value; (c) marked surface with large H_z value

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Fig. 5. Surface topographies at different scanning intervals when laser overlap rate is 98%. (a) 20 μm; (b) 25 μm; (c) 50 μm; (d) 75 μm

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Fig. 6. Geometric model

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Fig. 7. Diagrams of geometric models of different samples. (a) Sample 1; (b) sample 6; (c) sample 11; (d) sample 0

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Fig. 8. Surface reflectance of different samples

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Table 1. Composition of 6061 aluminum alloy
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Table 1. Composition of 6061 aluminum alloy
Element Si Fe Mg Zn Cr Cu Ti Mn Al
Mass fraction /% 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.15 0.15 residue

Table 2. Process parameters and contrast of laser marking samples
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Table 2. Process parameters and contrast of laser marking samples
No. Overlap rate $Φ$ /% Scanning interval /μm Contrast c
1 98 20 0.48
2 98 25 0.47
3 98 50 0.29
4 98 75 0.26
5 97 20 0.40
6 97 25 0.39
7 97 50 0.22
8 97 75 0.21
9 96 20 0.39
10 96 25 0.36
11 96 50 0.17
12 96 75 0.14

Table 3. H_z value and contrast of sample surfaces under different laser marking parameters

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Table 3. H_z value and contrast of sample surfaces under different laser marking parameters

No.	Contrast c	Maximum surface height H_z/μm	Scanning interval /μm	Overlap rate $Φ$ /%
1	0.48	73.58	20	98
2	0.47	72.87	25	98
3	0.29	30.02	50	98
4	0.26	27.84	75	98
5	0.40	71.35	20	97
6	0.39	69.01	25	97
7	0.22	28.49	50	97
8	0.21	26.50	75	97
9	0.39	69.91	20	96
10	0.36	66.46	25	96
11	0.17	26.48	50	96
12	0.14	23.48	75	96

Table 4. Surface geometry parameters of different samples
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Table 4. Surface geometry parameters of different samples
No. Maximum surface height H_z /μm Peak valley width /μm
0 6.44 3.8
1 73.58 1.2
6 69.01 1.3
11 26.48 1.5

Table 5. Statistics and error rate of experimental and theoretical contrasts
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Table 5. Statistics and error rate of experimental and theoretical contrasts
No. Experimental contrast c Theoretical contrast $c_{r}$ Error rate /%
1 0.48 0.47 2
6 0.39 0.41 5
11 0.17 0.18 6

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Fukang Liu, Jianmei Li. Experimental and Theoretical Modeling Analysis of Picosecond Laser Black Marking of Aluminum Alloys[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2023, 60(23): 2314005

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