Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of wavefront sensorless for coherent detection AO system

Fig. 2. Layout diagram of 69 units deformable mirror driver

Fig. 3. Random turbulence phase screen. (a) Three-dimensional diagram; (b) two-dimensional diagram

Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of multi-phase screen transmission

Fig. 5. Flow chart of PSO algorithm

Fig. 6. Flow chart of improved PSO algorithm

Fig. 7. Flow chart of SPGD algorithm

Fig. 8. Optimization results under different inertial parameters. (a) PSO algorithm; (b) improved PSO algorithm

Fig. 9. Optimization results. (a) Optimization results under different disturbance amplitudes; (b) optimization results under different gain coefficients

Fig. 10. Distorted spot images and SR optimization curves when D/r0=5. (a) Before correction; (b) after correction by SPGD; (c) after correction by PSO; (d) after correction by improved PSO; (e) SR optimization curves

Fig. 11. Distorted spot images and SR optimization curves when D/r0=10. (a) Before correction; (b) after correction by SPGD; (c) after correction by PSO; (d) after correction by improved PSO; (e) SR optimization curves

Fig. 12. Convergence limit among SPGD, PSO and improved PSO algorithms