Fig. 1. (a), (b) An example of light intensity profiles before and after wavefront shaping. (c), (d) Performance metrics for an exampled DOPC system⁴: (c) more DoF (∼106) accompanied with longer latency (Δt∼5.4ms) and higher gain; (d) less DoF (∼105) accompanied with shorter latency (Δt∼1ms) and lower gain. The energy gain (theoretically > 1) can be increased by scaling up the power of the reading beam (red arrow). (e), (f) Performance metrics for an exampled AOPC system⁵ : (e) DoF (can be up to 1010−1011) and latency (Δt∼tens of microseconds) with energy gain <10⁻³; (f) With additional gain enabled by the new setup, HGHS-WFS, energy gain and latency can be improved to 1.05 and 10μs, respectively.