Fig. 1. Dual-star parallel fiber laser network and system. (a) A daul-star network topology, where the dual-star is“a”and“b”，C_sis the dual-star coupler, a set parallel nodes are b₁, b_i, b_j, and b_N, and another set of parallel nodes are a₁, a_k, a_m, and a_N;(b) optical path using a dual-ring erbium-doped fiber laser as dual-star, where I_pa and I_b are the pump beams, C_s is the coupler, WDM is the wavelength division multiplexer, E_a and E_b are laser beams from rings a and b; (c) optical path using two pairs of single-ring erbium-doped fiber lasers as parallel nodes b_i and b_j, where C_ij, Cbi, Cbj are the couplers, Ebi and Ebj are laser beam from rings b_i and b_j; (d) optical path using another pair of single-ring erbium-doped fiber lasers as parallel node a_k and a_m, where Cak and Cam are the couplers, Eak and Eam are laser beams from rings a_k and a_m

Fig. 2. Dynamic state in the dual-star. (a) Twin-scroll chaotic attractor of the laser; (b) two ring output

Fig. 3. Synchronization process of“star b-node b_i”synchronization cluster

Fig. 4. Four-period state. (a) Four-period trajectory; (b) two four-period lasing

Fig. 5. Synchronization process of“star a-node a_k”synchronization cluster

Fig. 6. Single-cycle. (a) Single-cycle trajectory; (b) two lasing pulses

Fig. 7. Synchronization process of parallel synchronization cluster. (a) Nodes b_i and b_j synchronize with star b; (b) nodes a_k and a_m synchronize with star a