Fig. 1. Photoelectron momentum distributions of Ar atoms in polarization plane of elliptical laser field calculated using TDSE, nonadiabatic theory, and MP theory. (a)‒(c) TDSE, with laser intensity of 1.5×1014, 2.5×1014, and 3.0×1014 W/cm²; (d)‒(f) nonadiabatic theory, with laser intensity of 1.5×1014, 2.5×1014, and 3.0×1014 W/cm²; (g)‒(i) MP theory, with laser intensity of 1.5×1014, 2.5×1014, and 3.0×1014 W/cm²

Fig. 2. Photoelectron energy distributions calculated using TDSE, nonadiabatic mode, and MP theory. (a) Laser intensity of 1.5×1014 W/cm²; (b) laser intensity of 2.5×1014 W/cm²; (c) laser intensity of 3.0×1014 W/cm²

Fig. 3. Photoelectron angular distributions for different order ATIs with laser intensity of 2.5×1014 W/cm² calculated using TDSE, nonadiabatic mode, and MP theory. (a) 1st- order; (b) 2nd-order; (c) 3rd-order

Fig. 4. Variations of angular maximum and tunneling time delay. (a) Angular maximum plotted as a function of electron energy; (b) phase shift between results of TDSE and other two models as a function of electron energy, and corresponding tunneling time delay

Fig. 5. Distributions of half-cycle-averaged initial longitudinal momentum, initial transverse momentum, tunneling exits, and MP for the 1st-, the 2nd-, and the 3rd-order ATIs. (a) Distributions of initial longitudinal momentum; (b) distributions of initial transverse momentum; (c) distributions of distance between tunneling exits and nucleus; (d) distributions of MP

Fig. 6. Typical electron orbits of different ATIs. (a)(b) Typical electron orbits of the 1st-, 2nd-, 3rd-ATI with MP theory and the 2nd-ATI with nonadiabatic model; (c)(d) p_xand p_zwith respect to evolution time