Fig. 1. Schematic diagrams of (a) ground-to-space imaging and (b) satellite-to-earth imaging

Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of turbulence stratification

Fig. 3. (a) The first layer, (b) the second layer, (c) the third layer and (d) total distorted turbulents wavefronts

Fig. 4. Tilt of turbulent wavefront

Fig. 5. Variation of the tilt with camera aperture

Fig. 6. Variation of the tilt with satellite orbit height

Fig. 7. Variation of the tilt with atmospheric coherence length

Fig. 8. Variation of tilt with atmospheric turbulence intensity and satellite orbital height

Fig. 9. Simulated and theoretical values at different parameters

Fig. 10. Simulated and theoretical errors at different parameters

Fig. 11. Variation of angular jitter with satellite orbit height and atmospheric coherence length

Fig. 12. 3D plot of focal plane jitter