Perfect absorption and refractive index sensing of an E-shaped hole array metasurface through BICs

Miaomiao Zhang; Kai Yu; Yuanjian Liu; Yatang Dai; Hao Zhang; Jing Chen

doi:10.3788/COL202523.093602

Chinese Optics Letters, Volume. 23, Issue 9, 093602(2025)

Perfect absorption and refractive index sensing of an E-shaped hole array metasurface through BICs

Miaomiao Zhang¹, Kai Yu¹, Yuanjian Liu¹, Yatang Dai², Hao Zhang¹, and Jing Chen^1,3、*

¹College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China

²State Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

³Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

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Figures & Tables(7)

Fig. 1. (a) Principle of SPR and (b) design of structure with an E-shaped hole.

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Fig. 2. Realization of perfect light absorption. (a) Absorption spectrum. (b) Electromagnetic field distribution based on λ₁. (c) Electromagnetic field distribution based on λ₃. (d) Electromagnetic distribution based on λ₂: (i) surface distribution and (ii) cavity distribution. (e) Current distributions at the wavelength of λ₂.

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Fig. 3. Symmetry-broken constructed Q-BIC. (a) Reflection spectra in steps of 0.01 nm. (b) Variation of Q-factor with σ. (c) E-field distributions of the structure with different l_m (z = 100 nm).

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Fig. 4. Incident angle-induced generation of Q-BIC. (a) Reflection spectra corresponding to different incident angles. (b) Angle-scanning reflection spectra in symmetric structures. (c) l_m = 350 nm corresponding to Q-BIC.

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Fig. 5. Sensing performance analysis. (a) RI sensitivity based on the symmetric structure. (b) RI sensitivity based on the Q-BIC mode. (c) RI sensitivity in air. (d) RI sensitivity in the organic solution.

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Table 1. Parameters of the E-type Hole Metasurface
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Table 1. Parameters of the E-type Hole Metasurface
Symbol p_x p_y W
Value (nm) 1000 1000 600
Symbol L d l_n
Value (nm) 800 200 300
Symbol l_m w_n w_m
Value (nm) 300 160 160

Table 2. Comparison of RI-Based Sensor Performance

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Table 2. Comparison of RI-Based Sensor Performance

Reference	RI	Sensitivity (nm/RIU)	FOM
[26]	1.0–1.1	1317	756
[32]	1.33–1.37	301	133
[33]	1.41–1.45	324.25	24.025
[34]	1.00–1.05	959	16.54
[35]	1.00–1.08	991	124
[36]	1.312–1.384	260.4	2.91
[37]	1.34–1.42	1010	108
Symmetry-protected	1.000–1.001	1000	2710
Symmetry-protected	1.35–1.45	930	172.2
Q-BIC mode	1.000–1.001	1000	699
Q-BIC mode	1.35–1.45	900	463.9

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Miaomiao Zhang, Kai Yu, Yuanjian Liu, Yatang Dai, Hao Zhang, Jing Chen, "Perfect absorption and refractive index sensing of an E-shaped hole array metasurface through BICs," Chin. Opt. Lett. 23, 093602 (2025)

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