3-Monoacetylmorphine | Semisynthetic, inactive metabolite of heroin with weak affinity for μ-receptors | – | Prohibited, schedule I |
6-Monoacetylmorphine | Semisynthetic, metabolite of heroin produced by acetylation of morphine | – | Prohibited |
Acetylcodeine | Semisynthetic, by-product of acetylation of codeine in poppy resin | – | – |
Acetylfentanyl | Synthetic, analogue of fentanyl and fifteen times more potent than morphine | Never been licenced for medical use | Illegal, not prescriptible, schedule I |
Acrylfentanyl | Synthetic, analogue of fentanyl, and designer drug | Analgesic | Controlled, not prescriptible, schedule I |
Alfentanil | Synthetic, analogue of fentanyl | Analgesic, used as anaesthesia | Controlled, schedule II |
Buprenorphine | Synthetic and used to treat opioid addiction | Used to treat chronic pain | Prescription drug, schedule III |
Carfentanil | Synthetic, analogue of fentanyl, 1 000 times more potent than heroin | Used in veterinary medicine | Controlled, schedule II |
Codeine | Natural, constituent of poppy resin, less potent than morphine | Analgesic and antitussive | Controlled, schedule II |
Dextromethorphan | Synthetic, approved for medical use in 1953 | Cough suppressant | Pharmacy medicine |
Dextrorphan | Synthetic | Antitussive | Unscheduled |
Dihydrocodeine | Semisynthetic, derived from codeine, twice as strong as codeine | Analgesic and antitussive | Prescription drug, schedule II |
Heroin | Semisynthetic, first derived from morphine in 1874 | Analgesic | Prohibited, schedule I |
Hydrocodone | Semisynthetic, derived from codeine | Analgesic, antitussive | Controlled, schedule I |
Hydromorphone | Semisynthetic, derived from morphine | Used to treat severe pain | Controlled, schedule II |
Methadone | Synthetic opioid | Used to treat chronic pain | Controlled, schedule II |
Metopon | Methylated derivative of hydromorphone | Used to treat chronic pain | Controlled, schedule II |
Morphine | Natural, constituent of poppy resin | Analgesic | Controlled, schedule II |
Morphine-3-glucuronide | Metabolite of morphine | – | – |
Morphine-6-glucuronide | Metabolite of morphine, stronger μ-receptors affinity than morphine | – | – |
Nicocodeine | Semisynthetic | Analgesic and cough suppressant | Prohibited, not prescriptible, schedule I |
Normorphine | Semisynthetic, derived from morphine; one-fourth as active as morphine | Analgesic | Prohibited, schedule I |
Norpethidine | Synthetic, precursor in the synthesis of other drugs | Analgesic | Controlled, schedule II |
Noscapine | Natural, constituent of poppy resin | Antitussive | Uncontrolled |
Oxycodone | Semisynthetic, first derived from thebaine in 1916 | Analgesic | Controlled, schedule II |
Oxymorphol | Metabolite of oxymorphone; can be manufactured | Analgesic and cough suppressant | – |
Oxymorphone | Semisynthetic | Analgesic, used to treat severe pain | Controlled, not prescriptible, schedule I |
Papaverine | Natural, constituent of poppy resin | Antispasmodic | Prescription-only |
Pentazocine | Synthetic, approved for medical use in 1964 | Pain killer | Controlled, schedule IV |
Pethidine | Synthetic opioid | Pain relieves | Controlled, schedule II |
Pholcodine | Semisynthetic alkaloid | Opioid cough suppressant | Prescription drug in dose, schedule I |
Remifentanil | Synthetic, analogue of fentanyl, used for general anaesthesia | Pain relievers and anaesthetic | Controlled, schedule II |
Sufentanil | Synthetic, analogue of fentanyl, 500 times more potent than morphine | Analgesic, used as anaesthesia | Controlled, schedule II |
Thebaine | Natural, constituent of poppy resin | – | Controlled, schedule II |
Tilidine | Synthetic opioid | Pain killer | High-dose prescription drug, schedule I |
Tramadol | Synthetic opioid | Pain relieves | Prescription drug, schedule IV |