Infrared and Laser Engineering, Volume. 54, Issue 6, 20250090(2025)
Visible/NIR-Ⅰ/NIR-Ⅱ triple-band 5 mm laparoscopic optical system design
Figures & Tables(20)
Fig. 3. Optical path after overall optimization of the objective and relay lens
Fig. 4. Spot diagram and MTF after overall optimization of the objective lens and relay lens. (a) Visible light spot diagram; (b) NIR-Ⅰ spot diagram; (c) NIR-Ⅱ spot diagram; (d) Visible light MTF; (e) NIR-Ⅰ MTF; (f) NIR-Ⅱ MTF
Fig. 8. Visible/NIR-Ⅰ/NIR-Ⅱ three-band endoscope overall optical path diagram
Fig. 9. Spot diagram、MTF and distortion of visible/NIR-Ⅰ/NIR-Ⅱ triple-band endoscopes. (a) Visible light spot diagram; (b) NIR-Ⅰ spot diagram; (c) NIR-Ⅱ spot diagram; (d) Visible light MTF; (e) NIR-Ⅰ MTF; (f) NIR-Ⅱ MTF; (g) Visible light distortion; (h) NIR-Ⅰ distortion; (i) NIR-Ⅱ distortion
Fig. 11. Absorbance and emission spectra of ICG in fetal bovine serum solution
Fig. 12. Irradiance map. (a) NIR-Ⅰ of 7 mm tumours；(b) NIR-Ⅱ of 7 mm tumours；(c) NIR-Ⅰ of 0.5 mm tumours；(d) NIR-Ⅱ of 0.5 mm tumours
Fig. 13. NIR-Ⅰ and NIR-Ⅱ luminous fluxes on the detector surface at different depths. (a) 7 mm radius tumour；(b) 0.5 mm radius tumour
Table 1. Design specifications for optical observation lens
View tableView in ArticleTable 1. Design specifications for optical observation lens
Design parameter Value Working wavelength/nm 486-656, 800-900, 1000 -1700 Entrance pupil diameter/mm 0.3 Field of view/(°) 80 Maximum outer diameter of objective and rod lens group/mm 3.8 Working length/mm 300 Total optical length/mm 365-375
Table 2. Camera adapter design specifications
View tableView in ArticleTable 2. Camera adapter design specifications
Design parameter Value Working wavelength/nm 486-656, 800-900, 1000 -1700 Entrance pupil diameter/mm 3.0 Field of view/(°) 16 Focal length/mm 18
Table 3. Simulation setup parameters
View tableView in ArticleTable 3. Simulation setup parameters
Parameter Value Refractive index 1.368 Absorption coefficient/cm−1 0.32 Scattering coefficient/cm−1 41.4 Isotropic coefficient 0.95 Conversion efficiency 0.8 Incident light wavelength/nm 808 Incident light power/W 2 Incident light divergence angle/(°) 45
Table 4. NIR-Ⅰ detector sensitivity parameters
View tableView in ArticleTable 4. NIR-Ⅰ detector sensitivity parameters
Parameter Value Detector quantum yield 0.6 Pixel fill factor 0.99 Readout noise/e- 2 Dark current/e-·s−1 1 Pixel size/µm 6.5
Table 5. NIR-Ⅱ detector sensitivity parameters
View tableView in ArticleTable 5. NIR-Ⅱ detector sensitivity parameters
Parameter Value Detector quantum yield 0.85 Pixel fill factor 0.99 −20 ℃ dark current/e-·s−1 30000 −80 ℃ dark current/e-·s−1 150 Readout noise/e- 75 Pixel size/µm 20
Table 6. The signal-to-noise ratio of a 0.5 mm tumor located at different depths within the tissue
View tableView in ArticleTable 6. The signal-to-noise ratio of a 0.5 mm tumor located at different depths within the tissue
d/mm NIR-Ⅰ SNR/dB NIR-Ⅱ(−20 ℃) SNR/dB NIR-Ⅱ(−80 ℃) SNR/dB 1 15.69 20.13 20.48 2 14.14 18.98 19.42 2.9 7.17 10.03 11.34 3.5 4.31 6.92 8.21 4 3.14 5.52 6.95 5 1.89 2.27 2.98
Table 7. The signal-to-noise ratio of a 7 mm tumor located at different depths within the tissue
View tableView in ArticleTable 7. The signal-to-noise ratio of a 7 mm tumor located at different depths within the tissue
d/mm NIR-Ⅰ SNR/dB NIR-Ⅱ(−20 ℃) SNR/dB NIR-Ⅱ(−80 ℃) SNR/dB 2 20.41 28.63 28.72 4 17.11 24.21 24.70 6 11.79 19.34 19.87 7.2 6.91 12.17 13.33 8.1 4.60 7.12 9.51 8.8 1.78 4.94 6.87 9 1.04 4.58 6.03
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Xiangxiang MENG, Chengyuan JIA, Mingjie QIU, Zhanxin LI. Visible/NIR-Ⅰ/NIR-Ⅱ triple-band 5 mm laparoscopic optical system design[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2025, 54(6): 20250090
Paper Information
Category: Optical design and fabrication
Received: Feb. 10, 2025
Accepted: --
Published Online: Jul. 1, 2025
The Author Email: Chengyuan JIA (15550726725@163.com)
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