[1] Bardeen J, Cooper L N, Schrieffer J R. Theory of superconductivity[J]. Physical Review, 108, 1175-1204(1957).

[2] Wen H H. Development of research on new high temperature superconductors[J]. Chinese Journal of Materials Research, 29, 241-254(2015).

[3] Luo X G, Wu T, Chen X H. Unconventional superconductors and their physical properties[J]. Physics, 46, 499-513(2017).

[4] Hu J P. Searching for new unconventional high temperature superconductors[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 70, 017101(2021).

[5] Wu M K, Ashburn J R, Torng C J et al. Superconductivity at 93 K in a new mixed-phase Y-Ba-Cu-O compound system at ambient pressure[J]. Physical Review Letters, 58, 908-910(1987).

[6] Kamihara Y, Watanabe T, Hirano M et al. Iron-based layered superconductor La[O1-xFx]FeAs (x=0.05-0.12) with Tc=26 K[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130, 3296-3297(2008).

[7] Chen X H, Wu T, Wu G et al. Superconductivity at 43 K in SmFeAsO1-xFx[J]. Nature, 453, 761-762(2008).

[8] Ren Z A, Lu W, Yang J et al. Superconductivity at 55 K in iron-based F-doped layered quaternary compound Sm[O1-xFx]FeAs[J]. Chinese Physics Letters, 25, 2215-2216(2008).

[9] Hu J P, Le C C. A possible new family of unconventional high temperature superconductors[J]. Science Bulletin, 62, 212-217(2017).

[10] Hu J P, Gu Y H, Le C C. Predicting diamond-like co-based chalcogenides as unconventional high temperature superconductors[J]. Science Bulletin, 63, 1338-1344(2018).

[11] Nagamatsu J, Nakagawa N, Muranaka T et al. Superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride[J]. Nature, 410, 63-64(2001).

[12] Winter N W, Merzbacher C I, Violet C E. The nuclear quadrupole interaction in high temperature superconductors[J]. Applied Spectroscopy Reviews, 28, 123-164(1993).

[13] Giraldo-Gallo P, Galvis J A, Stegen Z et al. Scale-invariant magnetoresistance in a cuprate superconductor[J]. Science, 361, 479-481(2018).

[14] Guo J, Zhou Y Z, Huang C et al. Crossover from two-dimensional to three-dimensional superconducting states in bismuth-based cuprate superconductor[J]. Nature Physics, 16, 295-300(2020).

[15] Zhou Y Z, Guo J, Cai S et al. Quantum phase transition from superconducting to insulating-like state in a pressurized cuprate superconductor[J]. Nature Physics, 18, 406-410(2022).

[16] Liao M H, Zhu Y Y, Hu S X et al. Little-Parks like oscillations in lightly doped cuprate superconductors[J]. Nature Communications, 13, 1316(2022).

[17] König E J, Coleman P. Coulomb problem in iron-based superconductors[J]. Physical Review B, 99, 144522(2019).

[18] Cho D, Bastiaans K M, Chatzopoulos D et al. A strongly inhomogeneous superfluid in an iron-based superconductor[J]. Nature, 571, 541-545(2019).

[19] Wu D S, Jia J J, Yang J G et al. Nodal s± pairing symmetry in an iron-based superconductor with only hole pockets[J]. Nature Physics, 20, 571-578(2024).

[20] Pickett W. Superconductivity-mind the double gap[J]. Nature, 418, 733-734(2002).

[21] Mielke C, Das D, Yin J X et al. Time-reversal symmetry-breaking charge order in a kagome superconductor[J]. Nature, 602, 245-250(2022).

[22] Guguchia Z, Mielke C, das D et al. Tunable unconventional kagome superconductivity in charge ordered RbV3Sb5 and KV3Sb5[J]. Nature Communications, 14, 153(2023).

[23] Wang Y G, Ying J J, Zhou Z Y et al. Emergent superconductivity in an iron-based honeycomb lattice initiated by pressure-driven spin-crossover[J]. Nature Communications, 9, 1914(2018).

[24] Lucrezi R, Ferreira P P, Aichhorn M et al. Temperature and quantum anharmonic lattice effects on stability and superconductivity in lutetium trihydride[J]. Nature Communications, 15, 441(2024).

[25] Lüpke F, Waters D, de la Barrera S C et al. Proximity-induced superconducting gap in the quantum spin Hall edge state of monolayer WTe2[J]. Nature Physics, 16, 526-530(2020).

[26] Zhou Y Z, Chen J, Li Z X et al. Antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and unconventional superconductivity in topological superconductor candidate YPtBi revealed by 195Pt-NMR[J]. Physical Review Letters, 130, 266002(2023).

[27] Wan P H, Zheliuk O, Yuan N F Q et al. Orbital Fulde‒Ferrell‒Larkin‒Ovchinnikov state in an Ising superconductor[J]. Nature, 619, 46-51(2023).

[28] Chen W J, Breiø C N, Massee F et al. Interplay of hidden orbital order and superconductivity in CeCoIn5[J]. Nature Communications, 14, 2984(2023).

[29] Kobayashi T. Development of ultrashort pulse lasers for ultrafast spectroscopy[J]. Photonics, 5, 19(2018).

[30] Maiuri M, Garavelli M, Cerullo G. Ultrafast spectroscopy: state of the art and open challenges[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 142, 3-15(2020).

[31] Giannetti C, Capone M, Fausti D et al. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy of strongly correlated materials and high-temperature superconductors: a non-equilibrium approach[J]. Advances in Physics, 65, 58-238(2016).

[32] Wu Q, Tian Y C, Wu Y L et al. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy of high-temperature superconductors[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 62, 3995-4009(2017).

[33] Ferguson B, Zhang X C. Materials for terahertz science and technology[J]. Nature Materials, 1, 26-33(2002).

[34] Tonouchi M. Cutting-edge terahertz technology[J]. Nature Photonics, 1, 97-105(2007).

[35] Ghasempour Y, Shrestha R, Charous A et al. Single-shot link discovery for terahertz wireless networks[J]. Nature Communications, 11, 2017(2020).

[36] Huang Y, Shen Y C, Wang J Y. From terahertz imaging to terahertz wireless communications[J]. Engineering, 22, 106-124(2023).

[37] Wang W H, Tan Y J, Tan T C et al. On-chip topological beamformer for multi-link terahertz 6G to XG wireless[J]. Nature, 632, 522-527(2024).

[38] Valušis G, Lisauskas A, Yuan H et al. Roadmap of terahertz imaging 2021[J]. Sensors, 21, 4092(2021).

[39] Zhu Y, Zang X F, Chi H X et al. Metasurfaces designed by a bidirectional deep neural network and iterative algorithm for generating quantitative field distributions[J]. Light: Advanced Manufacturing, 4, 104-114(2023).

[40] Zhang Z L, Qi P F, Guo L J et al. Review on super-resolution near-field terahertz imaging methods[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 43, 0600001(2023).

[41] Peng Y, Shi C J, Zhu Y M et al. Terahertz spectroscopy in biomedical field: a review on signal-to-noise ratio improvement[J]. PhotoniX, 1, 12(2020).

[42] Peng Y, Huang J L, Luo J et al. Three-step one-way model in terahertz biomedical detection[J]. PhotoniX, 2, 12(2021).

[43] Lü J M, Shen S Y, Chen L et al. Frequency selective fingerprint sensor: the terahertz unity platform for broadband chiral enantiomers multiplexed signals and narrowband molecular AIT enhancement[J]. PhotoniX, 4, 28(2023).

[44] Spies J A, Neu J, Tayvah U T et al. Terahertz spectroscopy of emerging materials[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 124, 22335-22346(2020).

[45] Jin Z M, Tkach A, Casper F et al. Accessing the fundamentals of magnetotransport in metals with terahertz probes[J]. Nature Physics, 11, 761-766(2015).

[46] Ji B Y, Jin Z M, Wu G J et al. Ultrafast laser-induced magneto-optical response of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunneling junction[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 122, 111104(2023).

[47] Jin Z M, Guo Y Y, Ji B Y et al. Development of ultrafast spin-based terahertz photonics (invited)[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica, 51, 0751410(2022).

[48] Jin Z M, Ruan S Y, Zhou X F et al. Ultrafast electron transport in metallic antiferromagnetic Mn2Au thin films probed by terahertz spectroscopy[J]. Physical Review B, 102, 014438(2020).

[49] Ye Z J, Jin Z M, Jiang Y X et al. Comprehensive study of the ultrafast photoexcited carrier dynamics in Sb2Te3-GeTe superlattices[J]. Chinese Physics B, 33, 074210(2024).

[50] Kamboj V S, Singh A, Ferrus T et al. Probing the topological surface state in Bi2Se3 thin films using temperature-dependent terahertz spectroscopy[J]. ACS Photonics, 4, 2711-2718(2017).

[51] Blank T G H, Grishunin K A, Zvezdin K A et al. Two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy of nonlinear phononics in the topological insulator MnBi2Te4[J]. Physical Review Letters, 131, 026902(2023).

[52] Jin Z M, Peng Y, Fang Y Q et al. Photoinduced large polaron transport and dynamics in organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite with terahertz probes[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 11, 209(2022).

[53] Yettapu G R, Talukdar D, Sarkar S et al. Terahertz conductivity within colloidal CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals: remarkably high carrier mobilities and large diffusion lengths[J]. Nano Letters, 16, 4838-4848(2016).

[54] Tay F, Chaudhary S, He J M et al. Observation of colossal terahertz magnetoresistance and magnetocapacitance in a perovskite manganite[J]. Optica, 10, 932-937(2023).

[55] Bera A, Bera S, Kalimuddin S et al. Review of recent progress on THz spectroscopy of quantum materials: superconductors, magnetic and topological materials[J]. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 230, 4113-4139(2021).

[56] Seo C, Kim J, Eom S et al. Terahertz spectroscopy of high temperature superconductors and their photonic applications[J]. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 81, 490-501(2022).

[57] Pashkin A, Porer M, Beyer M et al. Femtosecond response of quasiparticles and phonons in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ studied by wideband terahertz spectroscopy[J]. Physical Review Letters, 105, 067001(2010).

[58] Tachiki M, Iizuka M, Minami K et al. Emission of terahertz electromagnetic waves by vortex flow in high-Tc superconductors[J]. Physica C, 437, 299-302(2006).

[59] Yuan J Y, Shi L Y, Yue L et al. Dynamical interplay between superconductivity and pseudogap in cuprates as revealed by terahertz third-harmonic generation spectroscopy[J]. Science Advances, 10, eadg9211(2024).

[60] Isoyama K, Yoshikawa N, Katsumi K et al. Light-induced enhancement of superconductivity in iron-based superconductor FeSe0.5Te0.5[J]. Communications Physics, 4, 160(2021).

[61] Grasset R, Katsumi K, Massat P et al. Terahertz pulse-driven collective mode in the nematic superconducting state of Ba1-xKxFe2As2[J]. NPJ Quantum Materials, 7, 4(2022).

[62] Reinhoffer C, Pilch P, Reinold A et al. High-order nonlinear terahertz probing of the two-band superconductor MgB2: third- and fifth-order harmonic generation[J]. Physical Review B, 106, 214514(2022).

[63] Neu J, Schmuttenmaer C A. Tutorial: an introduction to terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS)[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 124, 231101(2018).

[64] Koch M, Mittleman D M, Ornik J et al. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy[J]. Nature Reviews Methods Primers, 3, 48(2023).

[65] Huisman T J, Rasing T. THz emission spectroscopy for THz spintronics[J]. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 86, 011009(2017).

[66] Zhang W T, Turchinovich D. Rigorous signal reconstruction in terahertz emission spectroscopy[J]. Optics Express, 29, 24411-24421(2021).

[67] Han P, Wang X K, Zhang Y. Time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy studies on 2D van der Waals materials[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 8, 1900533(2020).

[68] Neu J. Optical Pump Terahertz Probe (OPTP) and Time Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy (TRTS) of emerging solar materials[J]. APL Photonics, 8, 071103(2023).

[69] Wang C, Xu W, Mei H Y et al. Picosecond terahertz pump-probe realized from Chinese terahertz free-electron laser[J]. Chinese Physics B, 29, 084101(2020).

[70] Hwang H Y, Fleischer S, Brandt N C et al. A review of non-linear terahertz spectroscopy with ultrashort tabletop-laser pulses[J]. Journal of Modern Optics, 62, 1447-1479(2015).

[71] Kar S, Lake J, Adeyemo S O et al. The physics of terahertz negative photoconductivity in low-dimensional materials[J]. Materials Today Physics, 23, 100631(2022).

[72] Dragoman D, Dragoman M. Terahertz fields and applications[J]. Progress in Quantum Electronics, 28, 1-66(2004).

[73] Zhang Y, Zhang X L, Li S X et al. A broadband THz-TDS system based on DSTMS emitter and LTG InGaAs/InAlAs photoconductive antenna detector[J]. Scientific Reports, 6, 26949(2016).

[74] Singh A, Pashkin A, Winnerl S et al. Up to 70 THz bandwidth from an implanted Ge photoconductive antenna excited by a femtosecond Er∶fibre laser[J]. Light: Science & Applications, 9, 30(2020).

[75] Zhang Y, Li K X, Zhao H. Intense terahertz radiation: generation and application[J]. Frontiers of Optoelectronics, 14, 4-36(2021).

[76] Jazbinsek M, Puc U, Abina A et al. Organic crystals for THz photonics[J]. Applied Sciences, 9, 882(2019).

[77] Fülöp J A, Tzortzakis S, Kampfrath T. Laser-driven strong-field terahertz sources[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 8, 1900681(2020).

[78] Zhang B L, Ma Z Z, Ma J L et al. 1.4-mJ high energy terahertz radiation from lithium niobates[J]. Laser & Photonics Reviews, 15, 2000295(2021).

[79] Thomson M D, Blank V, Roskos H G. Terahertz white-light pulses from an air plasma photo-induced by incommensurate two-color optical fields[J]. Optics Express, 18, 23173-23182(2010).

[80] Clough B, Dai J M, Zhang X C. Laser air photonics: beyond the terahertz gap[J]. Materials Today, 15, 50-58(2012).

[81] Matsubara E, Nagai M, Ashida M. Ultrabroadband coherent electric field from far infrared to 200 THz using air plasma induced by 10 fs pulses[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 101, 011105(2012).

[82] Zhang Z L, Chen Y P, Cui S et al. Manipulation of polarizations for broadband terahertz waves emitted from laser plasma filaments[J]. Nature Photonics, 12, 554-559(2018).

[83] Koulouklidis A D, Gollner C, Shumakova V et al. Observation of extremely efficient terahertz generation from mid-infrared two-color laser filaments[J]. Nature Communications, 11, 292(2020).

[84] Beaurepaire E, Turner G M, Harrel S M et al. Coherent terahertz emission from ferromagnetic films excited by femtosecond laser pulses[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 84, 3465-3467(2004).

[85] Kampfrath T, Battiato M, Maldonado P et al. Terahertz spin current pulses controlled by magnetic heterostructures[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 8, 256-260(2013).

[86] Jin Z M, Song B J, Li J G et al. Research progress of terahertz radiation based on ultrafast electron spin dynamics[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 46, 0508005(2019).

[87] Dressel M, Drichko N, Gorshunov B et al. THz spectroscopy of superconductors[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 14, 399-406(2008).

[88] Seifert T, Jaiswal S, Martens U et al. Efficient metallic spintronic emitters of ultrabroadband terahertz radiation[J]. Nature Photonics, 10, 483-488(2016).

[89] Zhou C, Liu Y P, Wang Z et al. Broadband terahertz generation via the interface inverse Rashba‒Edelstein effect[J]. Physical Review Letters, 121, 086801(2018).

[90] Wang H B, Xu W W, Wu P H. High-temperature superconductor terahertz emitters and detectors[J]. Physics, 46, 528-535(2017).

[91] Cattaneo R, Borodianskyi E A, Kalenyuk A A et al. Superconducting terahertz sources with 12% power efficiency[J]. Physical Review Applied, 16, L061001(2021).

[92] Kawayama I, Zhang C H, Wang H B et al. Study on terahertz emission and optical/terahertz pulse responses with superconductors[J]. Superconductor Science and Technology, 26, 093002(2013).

[93] Cheng B, Cheng D, Lee K et al. Evidence for d-wave superconductivity of infinite-layer nickelates from low-energy electrodynamics[J]. Nature Materials, 23, 775-781(2024).

[94] Kim M J, Kovalev S, Udina M et al. Tracing the dynamics of superconducting order via transient terahertz third-harmonic generation[J]. Science Advances, 10, eadi7598(2024).

[95] Li D N, Guo Y Y, Jin Z M et al. Strong terahertz pulse induced Pockels and Kerr effect in crystalline quartz for ultrafast pulse switching[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 125, 051103(2024).

[96] Vendik O G, Vendik I B, Kaparkov D I. Empirical model of the microwave properties of high-temperature superconductors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 46, 469-478(1998).

[97] Kiwa T, Tonouchi M. High frequency properties of YBCO thin films diagnosed by time-domain terahertz spectroscopy[J]. Physica C, 362, 314-318(2001).

[98] Homes C C, Dordevic S V, Bonn D A et al. Sum rules and energy scales in the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x[J]. Physical Review B, 69, 024514(2004).

[99] Jin B B, Kuzel P, Kadlec F et al. Terahertz surface impedance of epitaxial MgB2 thin film[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 87, 092503(2005).

[100] Guan Y, Xing J, Ji L et al. The extraction of terahertz complex conductivity of superconducting Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8+x film[J]. Low Temperature Physical Letters, 41, 135-141(2019).

[101] Bilbro L S, Aguilar R V, Logvenov G et al. Temporal correlations of superconductivity above the transition temperature in La2-xSrxCuO4 probed by terahertz spectroscopy[J]. Nature Physics, 7, 298-302(2011).

[102] Beck M, Klammer M, Lang S et al. Energy-gap dynamics of superconducting NbN thin films studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy[J]. Physical Review Letters, 107, 177007(2011).

[103] Kaindl R A, Carnahan M A, Chemla D S et al. Dynamics of cooper pair formation in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ[J]. Physical Review B, 72, 060510(2005).

[104] Matsunaga R, Shimano R. Nonequilibrium BCS state dynamics induced by intense terahertz pulses in a superconducting NbN film[J]. Physical Review Letters, 109, 187002(2012).

[105] Dienst A, Hoffmann M C, Fausti D et al. Bi-directional ultrafast electric-field gating of interlayer charge transport in a cuprate superconductor[J]. Nature Photonics, 5, 485-488(2011).

[106] Pekker D, Varma C M. Amplitude/Higgs modes in condensed matter physics[J]. Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, 6, 269-297(2015).

[107] Matsunaga R, Hamada Y I, Makise K et al. Higgs amplitude mode in the BCS superconductors Nb1-xTixN induced by terahertz pulse excitation[J]. Physical Review Letters, 111, 057002(2013).

[108] Wang Z X, Xue J R, Shi H K et al. Transient Higgs oscillations and high-order nonlinear light-Higgs coupling in a terahertz wave driven NbN superconductor[J]. Physical Review B, 105, L100508(2022).

[109] Katsumi K, Tsuji N, Hamada Y I et al. Higgs mode in the d-wave superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x driven by an intense terahertz pulse[J]. Physical Review Letters, 120, 117001(2018).

[110] Yu G, Lee C H, Heeger A J et al. Transient photoinduced conductivity in single crystals of YBa2Cu3O6.3: “photodoping” to the metallic state[J]. Physical Review Letters, 67, 2581-2584(1991).

[111] Yu G, Lee C H, Heeger A J et al. Phase separation of photogenerated carriers and photoinduced superconductivity in high-Tc materials[J]. Physical Review B, 45, 4964-4977(1992).

[112] Kaiser S, Hunt C R, Nicoletti D et al. Optically induced coherent transport far above Tc in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+δ[J]. Physical Review B, 89, 184516(2014).

[113] Zhang S J, Wang Z X, Xiang H et al. Photoinduced nonequilibrium response in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x probed by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy[J]. Physical Review X, 10, 011056(2020).

[114] Zhang S J, Zhou X Y, Xu S X et al. Light-induced melting of competing stripe orders without introducing superconductivity in La2-xBaxCuO4[J]. Physical Review X, 14, 011036(2024).

[115] Murakami H, Tominari Y, Tonouchi M et al. Investigation of terahertz emission phenomena of high-Tc superconductors[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 44, 2998-3001(2005).

[116] Ozyuzer L, Koshelev A E, Kurter C et al. Emission of coherent THz radiation from superconductors[J]. Science, 318, 1291-1293(2007).

[117] Dolgirev P E, Michael M H, Curtis J B et al. Theory for anomalous terahertz emission in striped cuprate superconductors[J]. Physical Review B, 108, L180508(2023).

[118] Tonouchi M, Tani M, Wang Z et al. Ultrashort electromagnetic pulse radiation from YBCO thin films excited by femtosecond optical pulse[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 35, 2624-2632(1996).

[119] Tominari Y, Inoue R, Kawayama I et al. Terahertz-pulse radiation properties of oxygen-deficient YBa2Cu3O7-δ thin films[J]. Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves, 34, 573-585(2013).

[120] Nicoletti D, Buzzi M, Fechner M et al. Coherent emission from surface Josephson plasmons in striped cuprates[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119, e2211670119(2022).

[121] Jin Q, Zhang Q H, Bai H et al. Syntropic spin alignment at the interface between ferromagnetic and superconducting nitrides[J]. National Science Review, 11, nwae107(2024).

[122] Stensberg J, Han X Y, Lee S H et al. Observation of the superconducting proximity effect from surface states in SmB6/YB6 thin film heterostructures via terahertz spectroscopy[J]. Physical Review Letters, 130, 096901(2023).

[123] Katsumi K, Fiore J, Udina M et al. Revealing novel aspects of light-matter coupling by terahertz two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy: the case of the amplitude mode in superconductors[J]. Physical Review Letters, 132, 256903(2024).

[124] Salvador A G, Dolgirev P E, Michael M H et al. Principles of two-dimensional terahertz spectroscopy of collective excitations: the case of Josephson plasmons in layered superconductors[J]. Physical Review B, 110, 094514(2024).

[125] Yang C J, Li J W, Fiebig M et al. Terahertz control of many-body dynamics in quantum materials[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 8, 518-532(2023).

[126] Elarabi A, Saito Y, Asai H et al. Polarized terahertz electromagnetic-wave radiation from cuprate superconductor Bi2212 mesa structures[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 63, 020801(2024).

[127] Zhao Y C, Zhou J Y, Hu W Y et al. Infrared light response characteristics of artificial nanoporous structured high-temperature superconducting thin films[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 62, 1331002(2025).