Laser measurement technology is commonly used in industrial welding, quality control and other fields. Aiming at the problems of limited storage space and slow transmission speed faced by laser streak images during storage and transmission, a lossless image compression system based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is proposed. Firstly, the image noise is filtered by Hampel filtering, and the stripe recognition is realized by the method of gray scale statistics. Then, the JPEG-LS (Joint Photographic Experts Group-Lossless) algorithm is improved by combining the Gaussian weighted window technique to improve the accuracy of pixel estimation. Finally, experimental verification is carried out on the Artix-7 series FPGA platform, and the experimental results show that the average compression rate is 25%, and a compression rate of 232 Mpixles/s is realized on the basis of the system cost reduced to 40% of the original.