Ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy is a relatively effective and promising method for the detection of long-distance dangerous items. It has broad applications in the fields of anti-terrorism, drug control and food safety. Based on an analysis of the basic principles of Raman spectroscopy remote detection, this paper summarizes the advantages of ultraviolet Raman detection technology and comprehensively analyzes its research status. The module′s design methods, key techniques and existing problems are analyzed from the perspective of laser emission, optical receiving system, spectral reception and spectral processing. The research difficulties and development trends of remote detection technology with ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy are summarized.