A method to measure the laser damage threshold of optical component surface based on Gaussian pulsed laser spatial resolution is proposed. The energy density partition is performed on the Gaussian spot by setting the laser energy density difference. By analyzing the energy distribution of the Gaussian pulse laser spot and the distribution of the damage point, a laser energy density with zero damage density is obtained as the laser damage threshold of the measured element. At the same time, the international standard 1-on-1 laser damage threshold test method will be used to measure the surface damage threshold at the same sample. And the damage thresholds obtained by the two methods are compared and analyzed. It is proved that the laser damage threshold method based on Gaussian pulsed laser spatial resolution is used to solve the problem that the energy density of the space in the Gaussian spot and the inhomogeneous distribution of the damage point are regarded as uniform distribution in the international standard 1-on-1 laser damage threshold test.