Photonics Research, Volume. 12, Issue 9, 1972(2024)
Dual-frequency optical-microwave atomic clocks based on cesium atoms
Fig. 1. Working principle of the dual-frequency optical-microwave atomic clocks based on cesium atoms. (a) Level scheme for the
Fig. 2. Primary laser characteristics. (a) Output laser power
Fig. 3. Frequency stability characteristic of the 852 nm optical frequency standard. (a) Frequency fluctuation of the beat-note signal between the 852 nm optical laser and the
Fig. 4. (a) Vapor-cell temperature
Fig. 5. (a) Power-fluctuation-induced frequency drift of the 852 nm optical frequency standard with the change of measurement time. The drift was assessed by monitoring fluctuations in the local oscillator’s power and considering the AC Stark frequency shift coefficient. This coefficient is measured at 30 kHz/mW when the probe laser operates at approximately 0.1 mW. (b) The frequency stability induced by power fluctuations using Allan deviation reveals the resultant limitations caused by these fluctuations.
Fig. 6. Frequency stability characteristic of a Cs microwave clock. (a) Ramsey fringes of the Cs microwave clock transition (green line) corresponding to the frequency stability depicted by black dots in the bottom image. (b) Frequency stability of the Cs microwave clock. The 10 MHz frequency signal output from the optically pumped Cs beam clock was recorded by a frequency counter, which was referenced by the hydrogen maser. The black square dots and blue circle dots represent the frequency stability calculated by Hadamard and Allan deviations, respectively. They both use ECDL, whose frequency is stabilized by MTS, as the pumping and probe lights. The pink triangular points represent the result of Allan deviation using DFB laser, whose frequency is stabilized by SAS, as the pumping and probe lights. The Hadamard deviation (black squares) of the frequency was
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Tiantian Shi, Qiang Wei, Xiaomin Qin, Zhenfeng Liu, Kunkun Chen, Shiying Cao, Hangbo Shi, Zijie Liu, Jingbiao Chen, "Dual-frequency optical-microwave atomic clocks based on cesium atoms," Photonics Res. 12, 1972 (2024)
Category: Lasers and Laser Optics
Received: May. 2, 2024
Accepted: Jun. 24, 2024
Published Online: Aug. 28, 2024
The Author Email: Jingbiao Chen (jbchen@pku.edu.cn)
CSTR:32188.14.PRJ.528942