Fig. 1. High-order harmonic spectrum (red) driven by sub-periodic “perfect” waveform.(a) Single active electron calculations;(b) full propagation calculations

Fig. 2. Time-frequency domain relationship of Fourier transform limit pulses. (a) Mono-cycle pulse in time domain (inset: multi-cycle pulse in time and frequency domain); (b) mono-cycle pulse in frequency domain

Fig. 3. Supercontinuum generated by self-phase modulation

Fig. 4. Supercontinuum generated by induced-phase modulation

Fig. 5. Multiple-thin-plate generated femtosecond supercontinuum

Fig. 6. (a) Layout diagram of seven fused silica thin plates and (b) supercontinuum after the laser beam propagated through seven fused silica thin plates (inset: the output beam profile taken at the collimating mirror; the center peak is saturated to show the structures of the rings)

Fig. 7. Passively CEP-stabilized white-light seed continuum generated in a YAG crystal pumped by the CEP-stable idler pulses[2,44]. (a) Supercontinuum spectrum; (b) photo of the experiment setup

Fig. 8. Structural schematics. (a) Prism pair compressor; (b) grating pair compressor

Fig. 9. Schematic structure of chirped mirror

Fig. 10. Pulse shaping system schematic based on spatial light modulator

Fig. 11. Synthesized electric field influenced by carrier-envelope phase and relative-envelope phase

Fig. 12. CEP- and REP-controlled synthesized electric fields. (a) The optimum configuration, corresponding to the shortest synthesized waveform, and being a reference for the other configurations; (b) pure CEP slip by a quarter of the optical cycle; (c) delay of the pulse by a quarter of the optical cycle; (d) pure delay of the envelope by a quarter of the optical cycle

Fig. 13. (a) BOC scheme diagram and (b) locking range

Fig. 14. Schematic and accuracy of spectral interference lock delay. (a) Schematic of the transient grating FROG apparatus; (b) temporal overlap to yield a single spectral fringe; (c) supercontinuum

Fig. 15. (a) Schematic and (b) accuracy of spectral interference lock delay