Fig. 1. Structure diagram of PWR fuel assembly, spacer grid and mixing vanes

Fig. 2. Principle diagram of shape memory effect

Fig. 3. Illustration of two-way fluid-structure-thermal coupling algorithm

Fig. 4. Geometry diagram of computational model

Fig. 5. Diagram of FEA model of the fuel rod with two spans and one spacer grid

Fig. 6. At the moment of the maximum bending angle in operating condition 1, the instantaneous tangential velocity distribution on cross-sections at Z=D_h, Z=3D_h, and Z=5D_h (color online)

Fig. 7. At the moment of the maximum bending angle in operating condition 2, the instantaneous tangential velocity distribution on cross-sections at Z=D_h, Z=3D_h, and Z=5D_h (color online)

Fig. 8. At the moment of the maximum bending angle in operating condition 3, the instantaneous tangential velocity distribution on cross-sections at Z=D_h, Z=3D_h, and Z=5D_h (color online)

Fig. 9. Operating condition 4 with fixed bending angle, the instantaneous tangential velocity distribution on cross-sections at Z=D_h, Z=3D_h, and Z=5D_h (color online)

Fig. 10. Intensity evolution diagram of swirls downstream the mixing vanes

Fig. 11. Axial pressure profiles along the rod (color online)(a) Instantaneous pressure along the rod, (b) Mean pressure along the rod