[1] [1] CUI Tiejun, QI Meiqing, WAN Xiang, et al. Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials[J]. Light, Science & Applications, 2014, 3(10): e218-e218. doi: 10.1038/lsa.2014.99.

[2] [2] DELLA-GIOVAMPAOLA C, ENGHETA N. Digital metamaterials[J]. Nature Materials, 2014, 13(12): 1115-1121. doi: 10.1038/nmat4082.

[3] [3] CUI Tiejun, LIU Shuo, ZHANG Lei. Information metamaterials and metasurfaces[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2017, 5(15): 3644-3668. doi: 10.1039/C7TC00548B.

[4] [4] FU Xiaojian, YANG Fei, LIU Chenxi, et al. Terahertz beam steering technologies: from phased arrays to Field-Programmable metasurfaces[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 2020, 8(3): 1900628. doi: 10.1002/adom.201900628.

[5] [5] YANG Huanhuan, CAO Xiangyu, YANG Fan, et al. A programmable metasurface with dynamic polarization, scattering and focusing control[J]. Scientific Reports, 2016, 6(1): 35692. doi: 10.1038/srep35692.

[6] [6] LIU Yujie, WANG Yu, FU Xiaojian, et al. Toward sub-terahertz: space-time coding metasurface transmitter for wideband wireless communications[J]. Advanced Science, 2023, 10(29): 2304278. doi: 10.1002/advs.202304278.

[8] [8] LI Lianlin, CUI Tiejun, JI Wei, et al. Electromagnetic reprogrammable coding-metasurface holograms[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8(1): 197. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00164-9.

[9] [9] HU Yueqiang, LI Ling, WANG Yujie, et al. Trichromatic and tripolarization-channel holography with noninterleaved dielectric metasurface[J]. Nano Letters, 2020, 20(2): 994-1002. doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04107.

[10] [10] BASAR E, DI-RENZO M, DE-ROSNY J, et al. Wireless communications through reconfigurable intelligent surfaces[J]. IEEE Access, 2019(7): 116753-116773. doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2935192.

[11] [11] TANG Wankai, CHEN Mingzheng, CHEN Xiangyu, et al. Wireless communications with reconfigurable intelligent surface: path loss modeling and experimental measurement[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2021, 20(1): 421-439. doi: 10.1109/TWC.2020.3024887.

[12] [12] KISHK M A, ALOUINI M S. Exploiting randomly located blockages for large-scale deployment of intelligent surfaces[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2021, 39(4): 1043-1056. doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2020.3018808.

[13] [13] KAMODA H, IWASAKI T, TSUMOCHI J, et al. 60 GHz electronically reconfigurable large reflectarray using single-bit phase shifters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2011, 59(7): 2524-2531. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2011.2152338.

[14] [14] HUANG Cheng, SUN Bo, PAN Wenbo, et al. Dynamical beam manipulation based on 2 bit digitally-controlled coding metasurface[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017(7): 42302. doi: 10.1038/srep42302.

[15] [15] YU N F, GENEVET P, KATS M A, et al. Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction[J]. Science, 2011, 334(6054): 333-337. doi: 10.1126/science.1210713.