Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of liquid crystal lens principle. (a) Liquid crystal lens structure; (b) liquid crystal lens electrode structure

Fig. 2. Imaging process of liquid crystal lens. (a)(b) When the liquid crystal lens is turned on, the e-light is focused and the o-light is defocused; (c)(d) when the liquid crystal lens is turned off, both o-light and e-light are defocused

Fig. 3. Liquid crystal lens imaging system. (a) Point spread function measurement system; (b) object imaging system

Fig. 4. Response curve of relative intensity of focused light spot in liquid crystal lens

Fig. 5. Focusing light spots in different liquid crystal lens states. (a)(b)(c) When in a positive lens state Ve=2.5Vrms, the point spread function images of Vc=1.6Vrms, Vc=1.9Vrms, and Vc=2.2Vrms; (d)(e)(f) when in a negative lens state Vc=2.5Vrms, the point spread function images of Ve=1.6Vrms, Ve=1.9Vrms, and Ve=2.2Vrms

Fig. 6. Imaging results of liquid crystal lenses in different states. (a) Positive lens state; (b) negative lens state

Fig. 7. Under the positive and negative states of the liquid crystal lens, partial resolution plate imaging results after different processing methods. (a)(e) Results of unpolarized imaging; (b)(f) results of polarization imaging; (c)(g) results of PFI processing; (d)(h) results of DPFI processing

Fig. 8. Variation of image grayscale values with calibration. (a) When the liquid crystal lens is positive state, the grayscale changes of different images; (b) when the liquid crystal lens is negative state, the grayscale changes of different images

Fig. 9. Changes in grayscale value at image edge. (a) When the liquid crystal lens is positive state, the grayscale change of the image result; (b) when the liquid crystal lens is negative state, the grayscale change of the image result

Fig. 10. Under the positive and negative states of the liquid crystal lens, imaging results of different processed objects. (a)(e) Results of unpolarized imaging; (b)(f) polarization imaging results; (c)(g) PFI processing results; (d)(h) DPFI processing results