The impact toughness, residual stress, metallographic organization and fracture morphology of 2Cr13 steel quenched temperature at 920 ℃~970 ℃, tempering at 700 ℃ and laser shock processing (LSP) are investigated by means of impact testing machine, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results demonstrate that the impact toughness of 2Cr13 steel increases firstly, but decreases afterwards as the temperature of quenching rises, particularly, the impact toughness of 2Cr13 steel reaches the peak in the quenching temperature at 940 ℃, tempering at 700 ℃ and LSP. Under this condition, the residual stress is a little higher than that of the other heat treatment,and the impact fracture of 2Cr13 steel is quasi-cleavage and dimple.