Fig. 1. Distribution of (a) residues and (b) branch cuttings in BC algorithm

Fig. 2. Schematic of node, edge and loop in MD algorithm

Fig. 3. Definition of (a) reliability of pixel points, (b) reliability of edges, and (c)~(e) process of phase unwrapping of FPU algorithm

Fig. 4. Simulation of (a) continuous phase and (b) its corresponding wrapped phase

Fig. 5. Unwrapped results of six noises by using three algorithms. The noises are (a) A, (b) 1.33A, (c) 1.67A, (d) 2A, (e) 2.33A, (f) 2.67A, respectively

Fig. 6. Changing of (a) error and (b) time consuming that using three algorithms to unwrap six kinds of wrapped phases with noise

Fig. 7. Simulation of (a) continuous phase and its (b)~(c) corresponding wrapped phase with noise

Fig. 8. Phase unwrapped results (first row) and their errors (second row) using (a) BC, (b) MD, (c) FPU, (d) BC-MD, and (e) FPU-MD algorithms, respectively

Fig. 9. (a) Deformed fringes and (b) wrapped phase of a Buddha sculpture; (c) deformed fringes and (d) wrapped phase of a face mask

Fig. 10. Unwrapped results of the wrapped phase of Buddha sculpture using (a) BC, (b) MD and (c) BC-MD algorithms, respectively

Fig. 11. Unwrapped results of the wrapped phase of face mask using (a) FPU, (b) MD and (c) FPU-MD algorithms, respectively