Journal of Quantum Optics, Volume. 29, Issue 4, 40301(2023)
Effect of Imperfect Quantum Gates Operation under Noise on Quantum Scrambling and Damaged Information Recovery
Quantum scrambling is a common dynamic phenomenon in quantum information processing, which refers to initially localized information spreads over the global degrees of freedom in the system due to global entanglement resulting in local measurements failing to obtain complete information. Recent studies have found that the damaged scrambling information can be recovered through time inversion protocol. For example, by using a 4-qubits quantum circuit, Bin Yan and Nikolai Sinitsyn [Phys Rev Lett, 125, 0406054 (2020)]simulated the damaged information recovery process of a central qubit in an environment bath of two qubits and calculated the measurement probability of the central qubit use out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOC), and proved the possibility of damaged information recovery under time inversion with a high fidelity of 0.983 on the IBM platform. The damaged information recovery processes are crucial for protecting quantum information against environmental damage and testing the quantumness of quantum computers.The quantum scrambling and damaged information recovery process is simulated by a quantum circuit composed of perfect single-qubit gates operation and two-qubit gates operation in the above verification. However in the actual quantum evolution process, the form of real noise is more complex, and the induced decoherence process is unavoidable. There are several popular models for noise simulation such as unitary noise models and pure attenuation models, and for quantum gates operation collision models have a good approximation of the noise in reality. We import the noise of collision models to quantum gates operation in Bin Yan and Nikolai A. Sinitsyn’s protocol to investigate the effect of noise-induced decoherence on the dynamical processes of information scrambling and recovery of damaged information. The introduction of decoherence noise interferes with the quantum scrambling process, decaying the out-of-time-ordered correlators and generating "false" quantum scrambling signals. So we calculate and analyze the changes of trance distance, quantum mutual information and fidelity in information-theoretic field after each step of operation to explore the dynamics of quantum information scrambling and damaged information recovery. Specifically, the trace distance is used to measure the outflow and inflow of quantum information from the central qubit system into the environmental bath system, the quantum mutual information is used to study the distribution of quantum information flow into environmental bath system and the fidelity is used to research the dynamical change in specific initial states of central qubit.The results indicate that decoherence induced by noise can not only suppress information scrambling and recovery, but also advance the time node of information recovery. When the central qubit initial state is |0?Q1 two-qubit noise intensity is gt=/4 or gt=/8 advance the time node of information recovery and this advancement is an effect of the asymmetric distribution of information induced by the noise. The choice of initial state on central qubit and the measurements in step 8 both determine whether this phenomenon occurs. In general, imperfect CNOT gates operation and imperfect H gates operation under the influence of noise will inhibit information recovery. However, under special parameters when noise intensity is gt=/8, WT=3/8 combination of the two imperfect gates operation produces a lower mutual information values and higher fidelity values than only applying imperfect CNOT gates operation. It reusults in the fact that the imperfect H gates operation act as a modulation on the imperfect CNOT gates operation under this noise parameter, and more information can be extracted from the environmental bath system. This strange phenomenon can be used for information preservation in quantum computation in the noisy background, providing a new approach for realizing high-quality quantum computation processes.
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DUAN Hong-xiao, WANG Chuan, WANG Tie-jun. Effect of Imperfect Quantum Gates Operation under Noise on Quantum Scrambling and Damaged Information Recovery[J]. Journal of Quantum Optics, 2023, 29(4): 40301
Received: May. 4, 2023
Accepted: Aug. 7, 2025
Published Online: Aug. 7, 2025
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