[1] KJONG S, RØDSKAR E, MOLINAS M et al. The marine vessel's electrical power system: from its birth to present day[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 103, 2410-2424(2015).

[3] BARROS J, DIEGO R I. A review of measurement and analysis of electric power quality on shipboard power system networks[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 665-672(2016).

[5] ZHANG Z, HE X. Fault-structure-based active fault diagnosis: a geometric observer approach[J]. Energies, 13, 4475(2020).

[6] WANG Z, XIA L, WANG Y J et al. Fault diagnosis system based on multiagent technique for ship power system[J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2014, 370246(2014).

[7] GAO Z W, CECATI C, DING S X. A survey of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant techniques—Part I: fault diagnosis with model-based and signal-based approaches[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62, 3757-3767(2015).

[8] [8] ZHONG G Q, WANG H Y, ZHANG K Y, et al. Fault diagnosis of marine diesel engine based on deep belief wk[C]Proceedings of 2019 Chinese Automation Congress. Hangzhou, China: IEEE, 2019: 34153419. doi: 10.1109CAC48633.2019.8997060.

[9] YU C C, QI L, SUN J et al. Fault diagnosis technology for ship electrical power system[J]. Energies, 15, 1287(2022).

[10] LIU W X, LIU L, CHUNG I Y et al. Modeling and detecting the stator winding fault of permanent magnet synchronous motors[J]. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, 27, 1-16(2012).

[11] LI M S, YU D, CHEN Z M et al. A data-driven residual-based method for fault diagnosis and isolation in wind turbines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, 10, 895-904(2019).

[12] ZHANG L Y, ZHANG Z Q, PENG H M. Diagnostic method for short circuit faults at the generator end of ship power systems based on MWDN and deep-gated RNN-FCN[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 11, 1806(2023).

[13] XIE J L, SHI W F, XUE T et al. High-resistance connection fault diagnosis in ship electric propulsion system using res-CBDNN[J]. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12, 583(2024).

[14] LIU S, SUN Y, ZHANG L Y et al. Fault diagnosis of shipboard medium-voltage DC power system based on machine learning[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 124, 106399(2021).

[15] [15] AMY J V. Considerations in the design of naval electric power systems[C]Proceedings of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting. Chicago: IEEE, 2002: 331335. doi: 10.1109PESS.2002.1043244.

[17] MIRJALILI S, LEWIS A. The whale optimization algorithm[J]. Advances in Engineering Software, 95, 51-67(2016).