Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 62, Issue 18, 1817014(2025)

Progress and Challenges of NIR-II Fluorescent Probes in the Detection of Mitochondria-Associated Markers (Invited)

Qinghui Wang1, Chenglong Zhang2, Kai Li1, Rui Xin1、*, Liangcan He1、**, and Shaoqin Liu1
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang , China
  • 2College of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang , China
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    Mitochondria are the core organelles of cell energy metabolism and homeostasis regulation, and are closely related to neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and metabolic diseases. Accurate detection of mitochondrial markers is essential for early diagnosis, mechanism research and curative effect evaluation of disease. Near-infrared second window (NIR-II, 1000?1700 nm) fluorescence imaging technology has become a leading tool for real-time dynamic monitoring of mitochondrial markers with the advantages of deep tissue penetration, low autofluorescence interference and high temporal and spatial resolution. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of NIR-II fluorescent probe in the detection of mitochondrial markers, including the detection strategies of reactive oxygen species (ROS), membrane potential (MMP), microenvironment pH and metabolic molecules [ATP, NAD(P)h, etc.]. The related probes targeted mitochondria specific structures (such as triphenylphosphine cation) to locate mitochondria, and combined with ratio design, FRET/BRET energy transfer and other strategies to improve the detection sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio. For example, Mito-Cy-Tfs (ROS detection), MOF based ATP response probe and pH sensitive Fe-CDs have all achieved accurate visualization of markers in living cells and in vivo. Finally, the challenges faced by the NIR-II fluorescent probe, its future prospects, and the ideas and obstacles for its clinical transformation are analyzed.

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    Qinghui Wang, Chenglong Zhang, Kai Li, Rui Xin, Liangcan He, Shaoqin Liu. Progress and Challenges of NIR-II Fluorescent Probes in the Detection of Mitochondria-Associated Markers (Invited)[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025, 62(18): 1817014

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    Paper Information

    Category: Medical Optics and Biotechnology

    Received: May. 16, 2025

    Accepted: Aug. 6, 2025

    Published Online: Sep. 12, 2025

    The Author Email: Rui Xin (xinrui0906@hit.edu.cn), Liangcan He (liangcanhe@hit.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/LOP251239

    CSTR:32186.14.LOP251239

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