Effective approach for conformal subarray design based on maximum entropy of planar mappings

Xiao-Dong Zheng; Sheng-Teng Shi; Jun Ou-Yang; Feng Yang; Qammer Abbasi; Abubakar Sharif

doi:10.1016/j.jnlest.2024.100264

Journal of Electronic Science and Technology, Volume. 22, Issue 3, 100264(2024)

Effective approach for conformal subarray design based on maximum entropy of planar mappings

Xiao-Dong Zheng¹, Sheng-Teng Shi^1、*, Jun Ou-Yang¹, Feng Yang¹, Qammer Abbasi², and Abubakar Sharif²

¹School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China

²School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Scotland, G12 8QQ, UK

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Figures & Tables(10)

Fig. 1. Conformal array location schematic.

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Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of subarray tiling.

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Fig. 3. Array arrangement: (a) conventional spherical array and (b) subarray split spherical array.

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Fig. 4. Planar grid mapping.

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Fig. 5. Conformal array first-level subarray division: (a) top subarray, (b) side trapezoidal subarray, (c) top view of conformal array arrangement, and (d) aerial view of conformal array arrangement.

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Fig. 6. Subarray arrangement of conformal arrays with different entropy: (a) distribution of maximum entropy plane mapping, (b) distribution of suboptimal entropy plane mappings, (c) distribution of minimum entropy plane mapping, (d) top view of maximum entropy subarray arrangement, (e) top view of suboptimal entropy subarray arrangement, (f) top view of minimum entropy subarray arrangement, (g) aerial view of the maximum entropy subarray arrangement, (h) aerial view of suboptimal entropy subarray arrangement, and (i) aerial view of minimum entropy subarray arrangement.

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Fig. 7. Array scanning pattern: (a) φ = 0°, θ = 0°; (b) φ = 0°, θ= 30°; (c) φ = 0°, θ = 60°.

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Table 1. Comparison of parameters between conventional spherical conformal array and subarray split.

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Table 1. Comparison of parameters between conventional spherical conformal array and subarray split.

	Conventional spherical array	Subarray segmentation conformal array
Number of units	281	228
φ = 0°, θ = 0°	gain = 28.57 dBi	gain = 26.82 dBi
φ = 0°, θ = 0°	SLL = −18.26 dB	SLL = −16.49 dB
φ = 0°, θ = 30°	gain = 27.73 dBi	gain = 26.13 dBi
φ = 0°, θ = 30°	SLL = −16.63 dB	SLL = −15.22 dB

Table 2. Functions of and .

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Table 2. Functions of and .

Algorithm	${c_1}$	${c_2}$
Note: $t$ represents the number of current iteration generations and $T$ represents the total number of iteration generations.
Group1	$ ( - 2.05/T)t + 2.55 $	$(1/T)t + 1.25$
Group2	$ ( - 2.05/T)t + 2.55 $	$2{t^3}/{T^3} + 0.5$
Group3	$ - 2{t^3}/T + 0.5$	$(1/T)t + 1.25$
Group4	$ - 2{t^3}/T + 0.5$	$2{t^3}/{T^3} + 0.5$

Table 3. Optimization results for different entropy arrangements.

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Table 3. Optimization results for different entropy arrangements.

$ H\left( \zeta \right) $	5.7543	5.7498	5.4025
φ = 0°, θ = 0°	$ {\text{gain}} = 25.61{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $	$ {\text{gain}} = 25.43{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $	$ {\text{gain}} = 25.56{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $
φ = 0°, θ = 0°	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 23.03{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 23.01{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 18.26{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $
φ = 0°, θ = 30°	$ {\text{gain}} = 24.55{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $	$ {\text{gain}} = 24.30{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $	$ {\text{gain}} = 24.20{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $
φ = 0°, θ = 30°	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 22.01{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 22.01{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 21.05{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $
φ = 90°, θ = 30°	$ {\text{gain}} = 24.72{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $	$ {\text{gain}} = 24.69{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $	$ {\text{gain}} = 24.92{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $
φ = 90°, θ = 30°	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 22.03{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 22.02{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 22.02{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $
φ = 0°, θ = 60°	$ {\text{gain}} = 21.21{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $	$ {\text{gain}} = 21.70{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $	$ {\text{gain}} = 20.83{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $
φ = 0°, θ = 60°	$ {SLL} = - 19.19{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 18.02{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 17.11{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $
φ = 90°, θ = 60°	$ {\text{gain}} = 21.96{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $	$ {\text{gain}} = 28.57{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $	$ {\text{gain}} = 22.11{\text{ }}{\rm{dBi}} $
φ = 90°, θ = 60°	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 20.02{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 19.03{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $	$ {\text{SLL}} = - 18.04{\text{ }}{\rm{dB}} $

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Xiao-Dong Zheng, Sheng-Teng Shi, Jun Ou-Yang, Feng Yang, Qammer Abbasi, Abubakar Sharif. Effective approach for conformal subarray design based on maximum entropy of planar mappings[J]. Journal of Electronic Science and Technology, 2024, 22(3): 100264

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Paper Information

Category:

Received: Jan. 22, 2024

Accepted: Jun. 20, 2024

Published Online: Oct. 11, 2024

The Author Email: Sheng-Teng Shi (202121020120@std.uestc.edu.cnm)

DOI:10.1016/j.jnlest.2024.100264

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology