Fig. 1. Schematics of intravascular PA-US-OCT-PAE imaging system and design and assemblage of integrated probe. (a) Schematic of four-modality imaging system; (b) design and assemblage scheme of integrated imaging probe and photographs of each component

Fig. 2. Circuit logic and sequence control of intravascular four-modality imaging system. (a) Block diagram depicting electric connection of key elements; (b) diagram of system timing control

Fig. 3.

Photographs of intravascular four-modality imaging system and integrated imaging probe, as well as in vivo experimental demonstration of intervention in rabbit model. (a) Photograph of assembled intravascular four-modality imaging system; (b) photograph of integrated imaging probe; (c) (d) in vivo interventional imaging operation experiment of rabbit

Fig. 4.

Performance testing of intravascular four-modality imaging system. (a) Ultrasonic echo signal; (b) spectrum and bandwidth of ultrasonic transducer; (c) schematic of resolution test target group; (d) lateral and axial resolution imaging results of PA modality; (e) lateral and axial resolution imaging results of US modality; (f) (g) lateral and axial resolution imaging results of OCT modality; (h) lateral resolution test results of three imaging modalities; (i) axial resolution test results of three imaging modalities

Fig. 5.

Four-modality imaging results of simulated sample. (a) Photograph of vascellum-stent-lipid simulated sample; (b) schematic diagram of simulated sample cross-section; (c) (d) PA-US-OCT-PAE imaging results of simulated sample at different sections

Fig. 6.

In vivo PA-US-OCT-PAE four-modality imaging results of rabbit abdominal aorta. (a) Three dimensional imaging results; (b) (d) four-modality imaging results at three different positions of rabbit abdominal aorta