Scalable cyclic transformation of orbital angular momentum modes based on a nonreciprocal Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Yu-Fang Yang; Ming-Yuan Chen; Feng-Pei Li; Ya-Ping Ruan; Zhi-Xiang Li; Min Xiao; Han Zhang; Ke-Yu Xia

doi:10.1364/PRJ.526115

Photonics Research, Volume. 12, Issue 10, 2249(2024)

Scalable cyclic transformation of orbital angular momentum modes based on a nonreciprocal Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Yu-Fang Yang^1、†, Ming-Yuan Chen^1、†, Feng-Pei Li¹, Ya-Ping Ruan¹, Zhi-Xiang Li¹, Min Xiao^1,2, Han Zhang^1,3,4、*, and Ke-Yu Xia^1,3,5、*

Author Affiliations

¹National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

²Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA

³Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China

⁴e-mail: zhanghan@nju.edu.cn

⁵e-mail: keyu.xia@nju.edu.cn

show less

References(39)

[1] L. Allen, M. W. Beijersbergen, R. J. C. Spreeuw. Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes. Phys. Rev. A, 45, 8185-8189(1992).

[2] G. Gibson, J. Courtial, M. J. Padgett. Free-space information transfer using light beams carrying orbital angular momentum. Opt. Express, 12, 5448-5456(2004).

[3] J. Wang, J.-Y. Yang, I. M. Fazal. Terabit free-space data transmission employing orbital angular momentum multiplexing. Nat. Photonics, 6, 488-496(2012).

[4] M. Krenn, R. Fickler, M. Fink. Communication with spatially modulated light through turbulent air across Vienna. New J. Phys., 16, 113028(2014).

[5] A. Sit, F. Bouchard, R. Fickler. High-dimensional intracity quantum cryptography with structured photons. Optica, 4, 1006-1010(2017).

[6] S.-S. Liu, Y.-B. Lou, J.-T. Jing. Orbital angular momentum multiplexed deterministic all-optical quantum teleportation. Nat. Commun., 11, 3875-3882(2020).

[7] Y.-B. Lou, Y.-H. Lv, J.-B. Wang. Orbital angular momentum multiplexed deterministic all-optical quantum erasure-correcting code. Phys. Rev. Lett., 132, 040601(2024).

[8] S.-S. Liu, Y.-H. Lv, X.-T. Wang. Deterministic all-optical quantum teleportation of four degrees of freedom. Phys. Rev. Lett., 132, 100801(2024).

[9] A. C. Dada, J. Leach, G. S. Buller. Experimental high-dimensional two-photon entanglement and violations of generalized Bell inequalities. Nat. Phys., 7, 677-680(2011).

[10] R. Fickler, R. Lapkiewicz, W. N. Plick. Quantum entanglement of high angular momenta. Science, 338, 640-643(2012).

[11] M. Krenn, M. Huber, R. Fickler. Generation and confirmation of a (100×100)-dimensional entangled quantum system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 6243-6247(2014).

[12] R. Fickler, G. Campbell, B. Buchler. Quantum entanglement of angular momentum states with quantum numbers up to 10,010. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 113, 13642-13647(2016).

[13] S.-L. Liu, Z.-Y. Zhou, S.-K. Liu. Coherent manipulation of a three-dimensional maximally entangled state. Phys. Rev. A, 98, 062316(2018).

[14] B. C. Hiesmayr, M. J. A. de Dood, W. Löffler. Observation of four-photon orbital angular momentum entanglement. Phys. Rev. Lett., 116, 073601(2016).

[15] M. Malik, M. Erhard, M. Huber. Multi-photon entanglement in high dimensions. Nat. Photonics, 10, 248-252(2016).

[16] X.-L. Wang, Y.-H. Luo, H.-L. Huang. 18-qubit entanglement with six photons’ three degrees of freedom. Phys. Rev. Lett., 120, 260502(2018).

[17] J. Courtial, M. J. Padgett. Performance of a cylindrical lens mode converter for producing Laguerre–Gaussian laser modes. Opt. Commun., 159, 13-18(1999).

[18] F. Schlederer, M. Krenn, R. Fickler. Cyclic transformation of orbital angular momentum modes. New J. Phys., 18, 043019(2016).

[19] A. Babazadeh, M. Erhard, F.-R. Wang. High-dimensional single-photon quantum gates: concepts and experiments. Phys. Rev. Lett., 119, 180510(2017).

[20] F. Brandt, M. Hiekkamäki, F. Bouchard. High-dimensional quantum gates using full-field spatial modes of photons. Optica, 7, 98-107(2020).

[21] A. Asadian, P. Erker, M. Huber. Heisenberg-Weyl Observables: Bloch vectors in phase space. Phys. Rev. A, 94, 010301(2016).

[22] N. González, G. Molina-Terriza, J. P. Torres. How a Dove prism transforms the orbital angular momentum of a light beam. Opt. Express, 14, 9093-9102(2006).

[23] J. Leach, M. J. Padgett, S. M. Barnett. Measuring the orbital angular momentum of a single photon. Phys. Rev. Lett., 88, 257901(2002).

[24] J. Leach, J. Courtial, K. Skeldon. Interferometric methods to measure orbital and spin, or the total angular momentum of a single photon. Phys. Rev. Lett., 92, 013601(2004).

[25] W.-H. Zhang, Q.-Q. Qi, J. Zhou. Mimicking faraday rotation to sort the orbital angular momentum of light. Phys. Rev. Lett., 112, 153601(2014).

[26] X.-Q. Gao, M. Krenn, J. Kysela. Arbitrary d-dimensional Pauli X gates of a flying qudit. Phys. Rev. A, 99, 023825(2019).

[27] G. C. G. Berkhout, M. P. J. Lavery, J. Courtial. Efficient sorting of orbital angular momentum states of light. Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, 153601(2010).

[28] M. Mirhosseini, M. Malikt, Z.-M. Shi. Efficient separation of the orbital angular momentum eigenstates of light. Nat. Commun., 4, 2781-2786(2013).

[29] Y.-H. Wen, I. Chremmos, Y.-J. Chen. Spiral transformation for high-resolution and efficient sorting of optical vortex modes. Phys. Rev. Lett., 120, 193904(2018).

[30] S.-B. Wei, S. K. Earl, J. Lin. Active sorting of orbital angular momentum states of light with a cascaded tunable resonator. Light Sci. Appl., 9, 10(2020).

[31] L. Marrucci, C. Manzo, D. Paparo. Optical spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in inhomogeneous anisotropic media. Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, 163905(2006).

[32] B. Sephton, A. Dudley, A. Forbes. Revealing the radial modes in vortex beams. Appl. Opt., 55, 7830-7835(2016).

[33] E. Karimi, G. Zito, B. Piccirillo. Hypergeometric-Gaussian modes. Opt. Lett., 32, 3053-3055(2007).

[34] H. Sroor, Y.-W. Huang, B. Sephton. High-purity orbital angular momentum states from a visible metasurface laser. Nat. Photonics, 14, 498-504(2020).

[35] V. Arrizón, U. Ruiz, R. Carrada. Pixelated phase computer holograms for the accurate encoding of scalar complex fields. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 24, 3500-3507(2007).

[36] H. Qassim, F. M. Miatto, J. P. Torres. Limitations to the determination of a Laguerre–Gauss spectrum via projective, phase-flattening measurement. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, 31, A20-A23(2014).

[37] S. Goel, S. Leedumrongwatthanakun, N. H. Valencia. Inverse design of high-dimensional quantum optical circuits in a complex medium. Nat. Phys., 20, 232-239(2024).

[38] J.-W. Wang, F. Sciarrino, A. Laing. Integrated photonic quantum technologies. Nat. Photonics, 14, 273-284(2020).

[39] Y.-X. Liu, Z.-H. Wang, P.-F. Yang. Realization of strong coupling between deterministic single-atom arrays and a high-finesse miniature optical cavity. Phys. Rev. Lett., 130, 173601(2023).

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Yu-Fang Yang, Ming-Yuan Chen, Feng-Pei Li, Ya-Ping Ruan, Zhi-Xiang Li, Min Xiao, Han Zhang, Ke-Yu Xia, "Scalable cyclic transformation of orbital angular momentum modes based on a nonreciprocal Mach–Zehnder interferometer," Photonics Res. 12, 2249 (2024)

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTex Plain Text

Set citation alerts for article

Save article for my favorites

Paper Information

Category: Quantum Optics

Received: Apr. 12, 2024

Accepted: Jul. 27, 2024

Published Online: Sep. 27, 2024

The Author Email: Han Zhang (zhanghan@nju.edu.cn), Ke-Yu Xia (keyu.xia@nju.edu.cn)

DOI:10.1364/PRJ.526115

CSTR:32188.14.PRJ.526115

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology