Rare physical events at China Jinping underground laboratory

Fig. 4. Rare physical event detections by CDEX(a) Spin Independent (SI) $χ - N$ coupling results from CDEX-10^[7], (b) Dark matter results by annual modulation analyses^[8], (c) Results from neutrinoless double-beta decay^[9]

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Fig. 5. Schematic layout of the CDEX-300 experimental program

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Fig. 6. Schematic of a dual-phase liquid xenon detector^[16]

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Fig. 7. PandaX-II upper limit for WIMPs cross section^[17]

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Fig. 8. Prototype of 1-ton neutrino experiment

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Table 1. Environmental background radiation measurements at the experiment hall of CJPL-I^[3]

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Table 1. Environmental background radiation measurements at the experiment hall of CJPL-I^[3]

放射性本底Radiation background	探测技术Detector	测量结果Measurements
宇宙线μ子通量Cosmic muon flux	塑料闪烁体Plastics scintillator	$(2.0 \pm 0.4) \times 10^{- 10} c m^{- 2} ∙ s^{- 1}$
基岩放射性Radiation of rock	高纯锗探测器HPGe detector
${}^{232} T h$		$0.52 ~ 0.64 B q ∙ k g^{- 1}$
${}^{238} U$		$3.69 ~ 4.21 B q ∙ k g^{- 1}$
${}^{40} K$		$4.28 B q ∙ k g^{- 1}$
混凝土放射性Concrete radiation	高纯锗探测器HPGe detector
${}^{214} P b$		$19.88 B q ∙ k g^{- 1}$
${}^{214} B i$		$16.03 B q ∙ k g^{- 1}$
${}^{228} A c$		$7.38 B q ∙ k g^{- 1}$
${}^{212} P b$		$7.48 B q ∙ k g^{- 1}$
${}^{208} T l$		$8.15 B q ∙ k g^{- 1}$
${}^{40} K$		$36.67 B q ∙ k g^{- 1}$
空气吸收剂量率Air absorb dose rate	电离室Ionization chamber
主大厅Main hall		$19.27 n G y ∙ h^{- 1}$
聚乙烯室内In PE room		$0.43 n G y ∙ h^{- 1}$
空气氡浓度Air radon levels	测量α粒子的电离室Ionization chamber for α particles
2010.12~2011.9
不通风状态No ventilation		$(101 \pm 14) B q ∙ m^{- 3}$
通风状态Ventilation		$(86 \pm 25) B q ∙ m^{- 3}$
2015.1~2015.12
不通风状态（1~3月）No ventilation (Jan. to Mar.)		$(108 \pm 50) B q ∙ m^{- 3}$
通风状态（4~12月）Ventilation (Apr. to Dec.)		$(45 \pm 28) B q ∙ m^{- 3}$
中子Neutrons
热中子Thermal neutron	${}^{3} H e 正比管$ Proportional counting tube	$(4.00 \pm 0.08) \times 10^{- 6} c m^{- 2} ∙ s^{- 1}$
	多球中子谱仪Multiple spherical neutron spectrometer	$(7.03 \pm 1.81) \times 10^{- 6} c m^{- 2} ∙ s^{- 1}$
快中子Fast neutron	液体闪烁体Liquid scintillator	$(1.50 \pm 0.07) \times 10^{- 7} c m^{- 2} ∙ s^{- 1}$
	多球中子谱仪Multiple spherical neutron spectrometer	$(3.63 \pm 2.77) \times 10^{- 6} c m^{- 2} ∙ s^{- 1}$
总中子通量Total neutron flux	多球中子谱仪Multiple spherical neutron spectrometer	$(2.69 \pm 1.02) \times 10^{- 5} c m^{- 2} ∙ s^{- 1}$

Table 2. Background radiation measurements of CJPL-I and CJPL-II^[4]
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Table 2. Background radiation measurements of CJPL-I and CJPL-II^[4]
环境 $γ$ 本底Environmental γ radiation background 60~2 700 keV∙s^-1 混凝土放射性 Concrete radiation / Bq∙kg^-1
²³⁸U ²³²Th ⁴⁰K
CJPL-I 73.4 18.0 7.6 36.7
CJPL-II 46.8 $6.8 \pm 1.5$ $5.4 \pm 0.6$ $81.9 \pm 14.4$

Table 3. Basic parameters of the four reactions^[23-25]

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Table 3. Basic parameters of the four reactions^[23-25]

核反应 Reaction	束流 Beam	束流强度Intensity / emA	关注能区E_c.m. / keV	靶密度 Target thickness	探测效率Efficiency / %	计数率Counts / d^-1	本底 BKG / d^-1
${}^{12} C (α, γ) {}^{16}O$	⁴He²⁺	1	538	10¹⁸ atoms∙cm^-2	60	―	1.2
${}^{13} C (α, n) {}^{16}O$	⁴He^1+,2+	2	230~600	2 mm	26	97 $\pm$ 24	133 $\pm$ 5
${}^{25} M g (p, γ) {}^{26}A l$	¹H¹⁺	2	E_x = 92	60 μg∙cm^-2	38	200	10
${}^{19} F (p, α) {}^{16}O$	¹H¹⁺	0.5~1.0	72~344	4 μg∙cm^-2	60	24	1

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Yufeng WANG, Jiaxuan LIU, Litao YANG, Zhi ZENG, Hao MA, Qian YUE. Rare physical events at China Jinping underground laboratory[J]. NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES, 2023, 46(8): 080018

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