The Spatial-temporal Change of PM<sub>2.5</sub> Concentration and Its Relationship with Landscape Pattern in East China

辅助数据	变量	数据来源	空间分辨率	用途
气象数据	大气边界层高度（PBLH，m）、地表温度（TS，K）、 2 m气温（T2M，K）、 10 m气温（T10M，K）、 10 m东向风（U10M，m / s）、 10 m北向风（V10M，m / s）、相对湿度（RH，%）、风的纬向分量（U-component，m/s）、经向分量（V-component，m/s）、气压（PS，hPa）	GEOS-FP	0.25°×0.3125°	用于PM_2.5浓度估算建模
土地利用数据	植被指数	MOD13A3	1 km×1 km	用于PM_2.5浓度估算建模
土地利用数据	道路密度	百度地图	1 km×1 km	用于PM_2.5浓度估算建模
土地覆盖分类数据	耕地、林地、草地、灌木、水体、建筑用地和裸地	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所	30 m×30 m	用于PM_2.5浓度空间分布和景观格局的相关性分析

Table 2. List of the selected landscape metrics

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Table 2. List of the selected landscape metrics

景观格局指数	生态学意义	计算公式	公式含义
景观所占比例(Percentage of Landscape, PLAND)	反映某一斑块类型的总面积占景观总面积的百分比。PLAND越大，表示该类型为优势景观类型	$P L A N D = \frac{\sum_{j = 1}^{n} a_{i j}}{A} \times 100$	a_ij 为第i类景观中第j个斑块的面积(m²)，A为景观总面积(hm²)
斑块密度/景观破碎度(Patch Density, PD)	表征每公顷范围内的斑块数。PD越大，代表景观破碎度越大	$P D = N / A \times 10000 \times 100$	N为斑块数量，A为斑块或景观总面积(hm²)
最大斑块占景观面积比例(Largest Patch Index, LPI)	某一斑块类型中的最大斑块占景观总面积的比例。LPI越大，代表景观优势度越大。	$L P I = \frac{m a x (a_{i j})}{A} \times 100$	a_ij 为第i类景观中第j个斑块的面积(m²)，A为景观总面积(hm²)
边缘密度(Edge Density, ED)	反映景观或类型被边界的分割程度。ED越大，代表景观类别结构越复杂	$E D = \frac{\sum_{j = 1}^{n} e_{i j}}{A} \times 10000$	e_ij 为第i类景观中第j个斑块的边缘长度
形状指数(Landscape Shape Index, LSI)	表征景观内所有斑块的形状复杂程度。LSI越大，代表形状越复杂	$L S I = \frac{0.25 E}{\sqrt[]{A}}$	E为景观中所有斑块边界的总长度
平均斑块大小(Mean patch Area, AREA_MN)	表征某一斑块类型的景观破碎程度。AREA_MN越大，代表景观破碎程度越小	$A R E A_M N = \frac{\sum_{j = 1}^{n} a_{i j}}{N}$	a_ij 为第i类景观中第j个斑块的面积(m²)，N为斑块数量
斑块结合度(Cohesion, COHES)	反映相应斑块类型的物理连接度。COHES越大，景观物理连接度越高	$C O H E S = [1 - \frac{\sum_{j = 1}^{n} p_{i j}}{\sum_{j = 1}^{n} p_{i j} \times \sqrt[]{a_{i j}}}] {[1 - \frac{1}{\sqrt[]{Z}}]}^{- 1} \times 100$	p_ij 为第i类景观中第j个斑块的周长(m)，Z为景观斑块总数
景观分割度(Landscape Division Index, DIVIS)	表征景观的破碎度，其值与破碎度成正比。DIVIS越大，代表景观越破碎	$D I V I S = [1 - \sum_{j = 1}^{n} (\frac{a_{i j}}{A})] \times 100$	a_ij 为第i类景观中第j个斑块的面积(m²)，A为景观总面积(hm²)
香农多样性指(Shannon's Diversity Index, SHDI)	反映景观异质性，是衡量景观多样性的常用指标。SHDI越大，景观多样性越丰富	$S H D I = - \sum_{i = 1}^{m} [P_{i} l n (P_{i})]$	P_i 为斑块类型i占整个景观的面积比，m为斑块的类型总数
香农均匀度指(Shannon's Evenness Index, SHEI)	表征各斑块类型之间的均匀分布程度。SHEI越大，代表无优势类型且不同景观类型的分布程度越均匀	$S H E I = \frac{- \sum_{i = 1}^{m} [P_{i} l n (P_{i})]}{l n m}$	P_i 为斑块类型i占整个景观的面积比，m为斑块的类型总数
聚集度(Aggregation Index, AI)	表征每一种景观类型斑块间的连通性。AI越小，景观越离散	$A I = [\frac{g_{i i}}{m a x \to g_{i i}}] \times 100$	g_ii 为相应景观类型的相似邻接斑块数量

Table 3. Correlation coefficients between annual average PM_2.5 concentration and landscape type pattern index

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Table 3. Correlation coefficients between annual average PM_2.5 concentration and landscape type pattern index

土地覆盖类型	景观格局指数	长三角			福建
土地覆盖类型	景观格局指数	2016	2018	2020	2016	2018	2020
耕地	PLAND	0.616^**	0.552^**	0.656^**	0.360^**	0.717^**	0.104
	PD	0.119	-0.081	-0.049	0.490^**	0.428^**	0.400^**
	LPI	0.726^**	0.489^**	0.592^**	0.314^**	0.639^**	0.102
	ED	0.447^**	0.356^**	0.471^**	0.483^**	0.738^**	0.234^*
	LSI	-0.564^**	-0.057	-0.259^**	-0.464^**	-0.466^**	-0.358^**
	AREA_MN	0.529^**	0.447^**	0.529^**	0.183	0.480^**	-0.011
林地	PLAND	-0.837^**	-0.760^**	-0.724^**	-0.625^**	-0.736^**	-0.412^**
	PD	-0.284^**	-0.341^**	-0.392^**	0.576^**	0.690^**	0.344^**
	LPI	-0.794^**	-0.695^**	-0.684^**	-0.622^**	-0.713^**	-0.394^**
	ED	-0.265^**	-0.643^**	-0.686^**	0.008	-0.030	-0.103
	LSI	-0.711^**	-0.227^**	-0.386^**	-0.181	-0.090	-0.226^*
	AREA_MN	-0.661^**	-0.468^**	-0.550^**	-0.580^**	-0.702^**	-0.328^**
灌木	PLAND	0.230	0.441^*	0.408^**	-0.038	0.130	-0.048
	PD	-0.290^*	0.266	-0.233	0.096	0.220	-0.006
	LPI	0.408^**	0.416^*	0.532^**	-0.053	-0.020	-0.064
	ED	-0.330^*	0.132	-0.287	0.025	0.190	-0.026
	LSI	-0.453^**	-0.128	-0.368^*	-0.056	0.160	-0.004
	AREA_MN	0.364^*	0.399^*	0.513^**	-0.195	-0.160	-0.051
草地	PLAND	0.025	-0.125	-0.005	0.150	0.249^*	0.000
	PD	-0.088	-0.147	-0.070	0.206	0.455^**	0.001
	LPI	0.317^**	-0.136	0.095	0.490^**	0.160	0.464^**
	ED	0.496^**	-0.136	-0.044	0.172	0.336^**	-0.005
	LSI	-0.763^**	-0.210^**	-0.301^**	-0.244^*	-0.160	-0.248^*
	AREA_MN	0.724^**	0.088	0.196^*	0.022	-0.369^**	0.243^*
水体	PLAND	0.386^**	0.339^**	0.300^**	0.302^**	0.414^**	0.172
	PD	0.379^**	0.183^*	0.257^**	0.520^**	0.708^**	0.247^*
	LPI	0.478^**	0.273^**	0.227^**	0.298^**	0.386^**	0.229^*
	ED	0.480^**	0.305^**	0.304^**	0.424^**	0.617^**	0.225^*
	LSI	-0.309^**	0.164^*	0.133	-0.140	-0.040	-0.214
	AREA_MN	0.141^*	0.220^**	0.133	-0.056	-0.020	-0.019
裸地	PLAND	0.087	-0.120	-0.034	0.499^**	0.407^**	0.342^**
	PD	0.074	-0.151	-0.026	0.570^**	0.506^**	0.425^**
	LPI	0.297^**	-0.106	-0.079	0.356^**	0.286^*	0.144
	ED	0.380^**	-0.128	-0.031	0.529^**	0.473^**	0.389^**
	LSI	-0.447^**	-0.060	0.007	0.490^**	0.391^**	0.330^**
	AREA_MN	0.604^**	-0.173	-0.229^*	0.029	-0.01	-0.113
建筑用地	PLAND	0.416^**	0.270^**	0.449^**	0.544^**	0.550^**	0.424^**
	PD	0.562^**	0.504^**	0.629^**	0.402^**	0.615^**	0.453^**
	LPI	0.690^**	0.151^*	0.103^*	0.500^**	0.414^**	0.435^**
	ED	0.599^**	0.584^**	0.648^**	0.514^**	0.705^**	0.311^**
	LSI	-0.362	0.407^**	0.455^**	-0.051	0.150	-0.185
	AREA_MN	0.049	-0.023	0.003	0.185	0.249^*	0.185

Table 4. Correlation coefficients between annual average PM_2.5 concentration and landscape metrics

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Table 4. Correlation coefficients between annual average PM_2.5 concentration and landscape metrics

景观格局指数	长三角			福建
景观格局指数	2016	2018	2020	2016	2018	2020
PD	0.569^**	0.292^**	0.498^**	0.594^**	0.723^**	0.385^**
ED	0.531^**	0.321^**	0.204^**	0.510^**	0.746^**	0.265^*
COHES	-0.023	-0.136^*	-0.804^**	-0.376^**	-0.642^**	-0.405^**
DIVIS	0.118	0.116	0.262^**	0.498^**	0.650^**	0.228^*
SHDI	0.144^*	0.115	0.403^**	0.566^**	0.725^**	0.303^**
SHEI	0.226^**	0.199^**	0.804^**	0.615^**	0.749^**	0.367^**
AI	-0.409^**	-0.295^**	-0.330^**	-0.608^**	-0.731^**	-0.445^**

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Tingting SHI, Shuai WANG, Lijuan YANG, Weiqiang CHEN, Yi WANG, Jingjing GAO. The Spatial-temporal Change of PM_2.5 Concentration and Its Relationship with Landscape Pattern in East China[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2024, 39(2): 435

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Paper Information

Category: Research Articles

Received: Oct. 13, 2022

Accepted: --

Published Online: Aug. 13, 2024

The Author Email: SHI Tingting (shitingting93@163.com)

DOI:10.11873/j.issn.1004-0323.2024.2.0435

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Introduction of auxiliary parameters for model fitting

Table 1. Introduction of auxiliary parameters for model fitting

Table 2. List of the selected landscape metrics

Table 2. List of the selected landscape metrics

Table 3. Correlation coefficients between annual average PM2.5 concentration and landscape type pattern index

Table 3. Correlation coefficients between annual average PM2.5 concentration and landscape type pattern index

Table 4. Correlation coefficients between annual average PM2.5 concentration and landscape metrics

Table 4. Correlation coefficients between annual average PM2.5 concentration and landscape metrics

Table 3. Correlation coefficients between annual average PM_2.5 concentration and landscape type pattern index

Table 3. Correlation coefficients between annual average PM_2.5 concentration and landscape type pattern index

Table 4. Correlation coefficients between annual average PM_2.5 concentration and landscape metrics

Table 4. Correlation coefficients between annual average PM_2.5 concentration and landscape metrics