Fig. 1. Basic flowchart of probability shaping

Fig. 2. Designed flowchart of probability shaping algorithm

Fig. 3. Concrete steps of probability shaping algorithm based on PAM4 signal

Fig. 4. Designed flowchart of dynamic probabilistic shaping algorithm

Fig. 5. Constellation, eye diagram, and probability distribution of UD-PAM4 and DPS-PAM4 signals. (a) Constellation; (b) eye diagram; (c) probability distribution

Fig. 6. Constellation, eye diagram, and probability distribution of UD-PAM8 and DPS-PAM8 signals. (a) Constellation; (b) eye diagram; (c) probability distribution

Fig. 7. Eye diagrams of DPS-PAM4 and DPS-PAM8 with different table number lookups

Fig. 8. Bit error rate curves of UD-PAM4 and DPS-PAM4

Fig. 9. Bit error rate curves of UD-PAM8 and DPS-PAM8