Fig. 1. Diagram of the experimental setup for MTS

Fig. 2. Rb⁸⁷ 5²S_1/2→5²P_3/2 transition F_g=2→F_e=1,2,3, and F_g=1→F_e=0,1,2 saturated absorption peak and MTS error signal

Fig. 3. MTS error signals of probe beam and pump beam in Rb⁸⁷F_g=1→F_e=0,1,2 for three polarization states

Fig. 4. Energy level diagrams for the transitions 5²S_1/2→5²P_3/2 of Rb⁸⁷. (a) Normalized intensity of F_g=1→F_e=0,1,2; (b)(c)energy level diagrams for the transitions F_g=1→F_e=0 where probe light and pump light are linearly polarized light in the same direction and vertical direction, respectively; (d)(e) energy level diagrams for the transitions F_g=1→F_e=0,1 probe light and pump light are linearly polarized light in the same direction and vertical direction, respectively

Fig. 5. MTS error signals of 25 mm and 50 mm rubidium cell in Rb⁸⁷F_g=1→F_e=0,1,2

Fig. 6. Experimental results of 25 mm and 50 mm rubidium cells. (a) Frequency fluctuation in 1 h; (b) Allan deviation within 1000 s

Fig. 7. Experimental results of frequency stability. (a) Peak to peak amplitude of frequency fluctuation in 20 h; (b) Allan deviation within 10000 s