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Photonics Research, Volume. 7, Issue 6, 699(2019)

Broadband mid-infrared nonlinear optical modulator enabled by gold nanorods: towards the mid-infrared regime

Bin Huang1, Zhe Kang2,3, Jie Li1, Mingyi Liu2, Pinghua Tang4, Lili Miao1, Chujun Zhao1、*, Guanshi Qin2,5, Weiping Qin2, Shuangchun Wen1, and Paras N. Prasad6
Author Affiliations
  • 1Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
  • 2State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
  • 3Changchun Observatory, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130117, China
  • 4Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
  • 5e-mail: qings@jlu.edu.cn
  • 6Institute for Lasers, Photonics, Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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    (a) TEM image and (b) aspect ratio distribution of GNRs. The inset of (a) shows the photograph of the GNR solution.

    Fig. 1. (a) TEM image and (b) aspect ratio distribution of GNRs. The inset of (a) shows the photograph of the GNR solution.

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    (a) Absorption spectrum of GNRs from 400 to 3200 nm. (b) The FDTD simulation results of the absorption cross section of one, two, three, and four GNRs concatenated.

    Fig. 2. (a) Absorption spectrum of GNRs from 400 to 3200 nm. (b) The FDTD simulation results of the absorption cross section of one, two, three, and four GNRs concatenated.

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    Nonlinear saturable absorption measurements of GNRs at 780 nm, 1560 nm, 1930 nm, and ∼2700 nm.

    Fig. 3. Nonlinear saturable absorption measurements of GNRs at 780 nm, 1560 nm, 1930 nm, and ∼2700  nm.

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    Experiment schematic of a tunable passively Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser using gold nanorods as the saturable absorber.

    Fig. 4. Experiment schematic of a tunable passively Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser using gold nanorods as the saturable absorber.

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    (a) Output spectrum of the Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser operating at 2786 nm. (b) Output power and pulse energy as a function of incident pump power. (c) Repetition rate and pulse width as a function of incident pump power. (d) Radio-frequency spectrum.

    Fig. 5. (a) Output spectrum of the Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser operating at 2786 nm. (b) Output power and pulse energy as a function of incident pump power. (c) Repetition rate and pulse width as a function of incident pump power. (d) Radio-frequency spectrum.

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    Q-switched pulse train at different output powers and the typical single pulse profile from the Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser.

    Fig. 6. Q-switched pulse train at different output powers and the typical single pulse profile from the Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser.

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    Output characteristics of the tunable passively Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser: (a) output spectrum of tunable passively Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser; (b) output power as a function of wavelength with an incident pump power of 5.6 W.

    Fig. 7. Output characteristics of the tunable passively Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser: (a) output spectrum of tunable passively Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN fiber laser; (b) output power as a function of wavelength with an incident pump power of 5.6 W.

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    • Table 1. Comparison of Output Characteristics of Passively Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN Fiber Lasers Using Various Saturable Absorbers

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      Table 1. Comparison of Output Characteristics of Passively Q-switched Er3+:ZBLAN Fiber Lasers Using Various Saturable Absorbers

      Q-switcherNonlinear ParametersLaser ParametersRefs.
      λ (μm)Δα (%)Δτ (ns)E (μJ)Pp(W)
      Fe2+:ZnSe2.8/37025.3[6]
      Graphene2.8/4006.416.1[4]
      Black phosphorus2.781511807.76.5[5]
      Cu2−xS nanocrystal2.77/7502.363.1[3]
      Bi2Te32.840.613009.37.1[6]
      Gold nanorods2.7821.35333.36.2This work
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    Bin Huang, Zhe Kang, Jie Li, Mingyi Liu, Pinghua Tang, Lili Miao, Chujun Zhao, Guanshi Qin, Weiping Qin, Shuangchun Wen, Paras N. Prasad, "Broadband mid-infrared nonlinear optical modulator enabled by gold nanorods: towards the mid-infrared regime," Photonics Res. 7, 699 (2019)

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    Paper Information

    Category: Nonlinear Optics

    Received: Jan. 7, 2019

    Accepted: Apr. 26, 2019

    Published Online: Jun. 4, 2019

    The Author Email: Chujun Zhao (cjzhao@hnu.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.1364/PRJ.7.000699

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology