Fig. 1. Imaging schematic of different lenses. (a) Refraction lens; (b) DOE

Fig. 2. MDL optimization model

Fig. 3. Imaging and design schematic of MDL. (a) Imaging diagram; (b) design schematic

Fig. 4. Partial schematic of MDL

Fig. 5. PSF distribution of different lenses. (a) DOE; (b) MDL

Fig. 6. Simulation results of light spot for different lenses. (a) DOE; (b) MDL

Fig. 7. MTF simulation results of two lenses

Fig. 8. MTF simulation results of MDL at different field angles

Fig. 9. Comparison of diffraction efficiency of two lenses

Fig. 10. PSF distribution of MDL before and after optimization. (a) Before optimization; (b) after optimization