Fig. 1. One-dimensional multi-aperture (N=2, 3, 4, 5) array pupil structures and its autocorrelation distributions. (a) N=2,F_max=50%, S=1; (b) N=3, F_max=18.75%, S=1∶2; (c) N=4, F_max=8.16%, S=1∶3∶2; (d) N=5, F_max=4.13%, S=1∶3∶4∶2

Fig. 2. Pupil structure, three-dimensional MTF and PSF distributions of one-dimensional three-aperture array. (a) Pupil structure; (b) MTF; (c) PSF

Fig. 3. Pupil structure and MTF and PSF distributions in two and three dimensions after one rotation. (a) Pupil structure; (b) MTF (α=2π/7); (c) PSF (α=2π/7)

Fig. 4. Pupil structures, MTF spectra, and PSF distributions at different angles of single rotation. (a1)(a2) 2π/7; (b1)(b2) π/3; (c1)(c2) 2π/5; (d1)(d2) π/2; (e1)(e2) 2π/3

Fig. 5. Changes of rotation times, total number of sub-apertures, and filling factor under different rotation angles. (a) Total number of sub-apertures and number of rotations varying with rotation angle; (b) filling factor and total number of sub-apertures varying with rotation angle

Fig. 6. Pupil structures and corresponding two-dimensional and three-dimensional MTF and PSF distributions of rotating synthetic aperture and Golay-9 array. (a1)-(a4) OR6 array; (b1)-(b4) OR5 array; (c1)-(c4) OR4 array; (d1)-(d4) OR3 array; (e1)-(e4) OR2 array; (f1)-(f4) Golay-9 array

Fig. 7. One-dimensional MTF distributions of rotating synthetic aperture, single aperture, and Golay-9 array. (a) MTF along f_x axis; (b) MTF along f_y axis

Fig. 8. Simulation images of Golay-9, OR4, and OR3 arrays. (a) Original image; (b) simulation image of Golay-9 array; (c) simulation image of OR4 array; (d) simulation image of OR3 array

Fig. 9. Optical path diagram and experimental device diagram. (a) Optical path diagram; (b) experimental device diagram

Fig. 10. Experimental results of Golay-9, OR3, and OR4 arrays. (a) Image obtained by Golay-9 array; (b) image obtained by OR3 array; (c) image obtained by OR4 array; (d) line traces of horizontal bars of group 6; (e) line traces of vertical bars of group 6; (f) MTF estimation