Saturation-to-hue mapping algorithm for improving the visibility of bleeding points under endoscopy

Fig. 6. Schematic and actual views of the experimental setup. (a) Schematic of experimental setup; (b) Actual structure of the endoscope and phantom; (c) Experimental system diagram including the video camera system, light source, display, endoscope, and phantom

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Fig. 7. Different conditions of the blood point phantom. (a) White light imaging (WLI); (b) SHMI; (c) RDI

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Fig. 8. CIE-L·a·b color space expressed on three-dimensional geometry with the bleeding point and blood pool plotted. (a) The color coordinates of subgraph 1 in Fig. 7; (b) The color coordinates of subgraph 2 in Fig. 7

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Table 1. Color difference statistics in different situations (data is average)

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Table 1. Color difference statistics in different situations (data is average)

Lighting type Image group	a		b		c
Lighting type Image group	$Δ E$	$p$	$Δ E$	$p$	$Δ E$	$p$
1 (0.68%)	17.50	—	53.00	<0.01	30.75	<0.01
2 (0.72%)	10.75	—	35.75	0.011	34.00	<0.01
3 (1.16%)	6.00	—	49.50	<0.01	43.50	<0.01
4 (2.04%)	4.75	—	21.16	<0.01	23.16	<0.01

Table 2. Color differences between different images
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Table 2. Color differences between different images
lmage $Δ E$ $p$
WLI 11.78±7.57 —
SHMI 41.31±25.54 <0.01
RDI 42.11±15.11 <0.01

Table 3. Comparison of image enhancement effects with different blood pool concentrations
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Table 3. Comparison of image enhancement effects with different blood pool concentrations
Blood pool concentration Number of groups
SHMI > RDI SHMI ≈ RDI (<5%) SHMI < RDI Total
Low (c<0.9%) 12 4 1 17
Medium (0.9%<c<1.8%) 7 5 4 16
High (c>1.8%) 2 1 11 14
Total 21 10 16 47

Table 4. Color differences between 31 sets of enhanced images and white light images with low to medium blood pool concentrations
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Table 4. Color differences between 31 sets of enhanced images and white light images with low to medium blood pool concentrations
lmage $Δ E$ $p$
WLI 14.29±4.44 —
SHMI 51.64±13.60 <0.01
RDI 47.66±10.69 <0.01

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Meng Song, Xuxiang Ni, Liqiang Wang, Bo Yuan, Ke Chen, Jiqiang Zhang. Saturation-to-hue mapping algorithm for improving the visibility of bleeding points under endoscopy[J]. Opto-Electronic Engineering, 2025, 52(3): 250007

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Paper Information

Category: Article

Received: Jan. 10, 2025

Accepted: Mar. 17, 2025

Published Online: May. 22, 2025

The Author Email: Xuxiang Ni (倪旭翔)

DOI:10.12086/oee.2025.250007

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology

Table 1. Color difference statistics in different situations (data is average)

Table 1. Color difference statistics in different situations (data is average)

Table 2. Color differences between different images

Table 2. Color differences between different images

Table 3. Comparison of image enhancement effects with different blood pool concentrations

Table 3. Comparison of image enhancement effects with different blood pool concentrations

Table 4. Color differences between 31 sets of enhanced images and white light images with low to medium blood pool concentrations

Table 4. Color differences between 31 sets of enhanced images and white light images with low to medium blood pool concentrations