Design and Simulation of High Dynamic Range Pixel with Charge Distribution and LOFIC Technology

Yuzeng Zhang; Zhiyuan Gao; Jiangtao Xu

doi:10.3788/LOP240601

Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, Volume. 61, Issue 21, 2125001(2024)

Design and Simulation of High Dynamic Range Pixel with Charge Distribution and LOFIC Technology

Yuzeng Zhang^1,2, Zhiyuan Gao^1,2、*, and Jiangtao Xu^1,2

Author Affiliations

¹School of Microelectronics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

²Tianjin Key Laboratory of Imaging and Sensing Microelectronic Technology, Tianjin 300072, China

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Abstract Get PDF(in Chinese)

Figures & Tables(14)

Fig. 1. Traditional LOFIC pixel structure

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Fig. 2. Operating time sequence of traditional LOFIC pixel

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Fig. 3. Charge distribution LOFIC pixel structure

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Fig. 4. Operating time sequence of charge distribution LOFIC pixel

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Fig. 5. Segmentation schematic of exposure cycle

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Fig. 6. Potential distribution of charge overflow channel

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Fig. 7. Variation in Cs 1 node voltage with different charge distribution and dynamic refresh numbers

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Fig. 8. Effect of number of charge distribution and dynamic refresh on $Δ V_{C s 1}$ and $α_{i m p}$

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Fig. 9. Effect of LOFIC capacitance splitting ratio on $Δ V_{C s 1}$ and $α_{i m p}$ . (a) $Δ V_{C s 1}$ ; (b) $α_{i m p}$

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Fig. 10. Variation of dynamic range with background noise

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Fig. 11. Variation in pixel dynamic range extension with capacitance boost factor

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Fig. 12. Variation in dynamic range upper limit with number of charge distribution and dynamic refresh and capacitance splitting ratio

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Fig. 13. Schematic diagram of layout design for charge distribution LOFIC pixel

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Table 1. Comparison of performance between proposed pixel structure and existing technologies

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Table 1. Comparison of performance between proposed pixel structure and existing technologies

Parameter	Measured result of Ref. ［12］	Simulation result
Parameter	Measured result of Ref. ［12］	Ref. ［13］	Traditional LOFIC	This work
Process technology	65 nm CIS Stacked	CMOS 110 nm	CMOS 110 nm	CMOS 110 nm
Power supply voltage /V	3.6	3.3	3.3	3.3
Pixel size /（μm×μm）	8×8	5×5	6×6	6×6
HCG /［μV·（e^-）^-1］	130	―	128	128
LCG /［μV·（e^-）^-1］	45.0	12.0	4.9	4.9
Capacitance boost factor	―	―	―	7
FWC /ke^-	27.7	83.0	204.1	1.43×10³
Dynamic range /dB	91.4	102.8	100.2	116.8
Dynamic range extension /dB	―	5.5	―	16.6

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Yuzeng Zhang, Zhiyuan Gao, Jiangtao Xu. Design and Simulation of High Dynamic Range Pixel with Charge Distribution and LOFIC Technology[J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2024, 61(21): 2125001

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Paper Information

Category: OPTOELECTRONICS

Received: Jan. 25, 2024

Accepted: Mar. 12, 2024

Published Online: Nov. 12, 2024

The Author Email: Gao Zhiyuan (gaozhiyuan@tju.edu.cn)

DOI:10.3788/LOP240601

CSTR:32186.14.LOP240601

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology