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Acta Optica Sinica, Volume. 45, Issue 13, 1306009(2025)

Architecture and Key Technologies of Large-Scale Space Optical Transport Networks (Invited)

Yongli Zhao1, Huibin Zhang1、*, Kunpeng Zheng1, Wei Wang1, Yuan Cao2, Lihan Zhao1, and Jie Zhang1
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
  • 2School of Communications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, Jiangsu , China
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    AbstractGet PDF(in Chinese)
    Figures&Tables (10)
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    References (25)
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    Figures & Tables(10)
    Architecture diagram of S-OTN

    Fig. 1. Architecture diagram of S-OTN

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    Key technologies of S-OTN

    Fig. 2. Key technologies of S-OTN

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    Schematic diagram of integrated inter-satellite impairment adaptive compensation

    Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of integrated inter-satellite impairment adaptive compensation

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    Adaptive space-to-ground transmission enhancement technology

    Fig. 4. Adaptive space-to-ground transmission enhancement technology

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    Adaptive combining mechanism based on SNR threshold perception

    Fig. 5. Adaptive combining mechanism based on SNR threshold perception

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    Structure of apace electro-optical hybrid switching

    Fig. 6. Structure of apace electro-optical hybrid switching

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    Architectures of centralized and distributed collaborative control and management

    Fig. 7. Architectures of centralized and distributed collaborative control and management

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    Shared path protection strategy based on time window

    Fig. 8. Shared path protection strategy based on time window

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    • Table 1. Performance comparison of space laser and microwave communications

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      Table 1. Performance comparison of space laser and microwave communications

      MetricSpace laser communicationSpace microwave communication
      Bandwidth and data rateHundreds of Gbit/s to Tbit/sGbit/s level
      Spectrum resourceUnregulatedRegulated
      Beam divergence angleμrad levelrad level
      Anti-interference abilityStrong directivity, highly resistant to electromagnetic interferenceWide beam, prone to co-channel interference
      MaturityMediumHigh
      Environmental sensitivityHighly sensitive to environment and vibrationAffected by rain attenuation and channel fading
      Deployment complexityHigh (requires precise optical alignment)Low (wide beam, easy alignment)
      Power consumption and sizeLowHigh
      Capacity expansionWDMHigh-frequency band extension
      Standardization progressLowHigh

    • Table 2. Performance comparison of different networking protocol systems

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      Table 2. Performance comparison of different networking protocol systems

      Comparison dimensionOTNEthernetCCSDS
      Protocol layers (L1/L2/L3/L4)L1, L2L1, L2Full stack
      Service rate<1.6 Tbit/s<800 Gbit/s<10 Gbit/s
      Bandwidth utilizationHigh (fixed frame + time slot multiplexing)Medium (statistical multiplexing)Low [strong forward error correction (FEC) /retransmission]
      Latency performanceHard pipeline (no packet queuing)Packet switching (load-dependent)Delay-tolerant (linked to link continuity)
      ReliabilityStrongMediumStrong
      FlexibilityMediumHighHigh
      FlexibilityLEO high-speed backboneGeneral-purpose scenariosSpace communications/deep space
      Standardization progressMediumMediumHigh
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    Yongli Zhao, Huibin Zhang, Kunpeng Zheng, Wei Wang, Yuan Cao, Lihan Zhao, Jie Zhang. Architecture and Key Technologies of Large-Scale Space Optical Transport Networks (Invited)[J]. Acta Optica Sinica, 2025, 45(13): 1306009

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    Paper Information

    Category: Fiber Optics and Optical Communications

    Received: Apr. 10, 2025

    Accepted: Jun. 30, 2025

    Published Online: Jul. 14, 2025

    The Author Email: Huibin Zhang (zhanghuibin@bupt.edu.cn)

    DOI:10.3788/AOS250873

    CSTR:32393.14.AOS250873

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology