Fig. 1. The three modes of solar water evaporates according to the location of the material. (a) Fixed at the bottom; (b) Dispersed in the liquid; (c) Floating on the water surface^[44]

Fig. 2. (a) Schematic diagram of solar water desalination experimental device^[65]; (b) Solar absorption material photothermal conversion process^[66]

Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of laser processing device. (a) Laser processing mode one^[74]; (b) Laser processing mode two^[75]

Fig. 4. The porous graphene obtained by laser treated PI films^[88]. (a) Schematic of laser processing; (b), (d) Schematic of seawater desalination; (c) Schematic of microstructure; (e) Graphene shape affects efficiency

Fig. 5. The solar evaporator substrate obtained by laser treatment of wood^[90]. (a) Diagram of laser processing of wood; (b), (c) Microscopic diagram of processed wood surface; (d) Diagram of seawater desalination; (e), (f) Processing efficiency of SSG applied to seawater desalination

Fig. 6. The femtosecond laser-treated copper^[93]. (a) Copper surface after different laser processes; (b) Desalination of seawater using laser-induced copper; (c) Comparison of temperature rise between copper surface with micro and nano structures and copper surface with blue coating; (d) Overall photothermal conversion efficiencies with a radiation power density of 1 kW•m⁻² and the average absorptance within 200 nm~2000 nm range for different Cu samples

Fig. 7. The titanium processed by femtosecond laser to obtain titanium foam^[94]. (a) Schematic diagram of the Ti foam fabrication process; (b), (c) Morphological characterization structure of titanium before and after processing; (d) Schematic diagram of SSG desalination; (e) Schematic diagram of desalination efficiency

Fig. 8. Laser processing and integration to obtain flexible bilayers ^[95]. (a) Schematic diagram of flexible bilayer membrane preparation; (b) schematic diagram of hydrophilic and hydrophobic microscopic membrane surface; (c)~(d) Comparative diagram of desalination efficiency of flexible bilayer membrane

Fig. 9. Laser processing of spliced graphene and metals ^[96]. (a) Schematic diagram of the spliced composite membrane; (b) Schematic diagram of the evaporator structure；(c) Microstructure of composite membrane surface; (d) Desalination efficiency of composite membrane