[2] [2] LI H J, SUEN C Y. Robust face recognition based on dynamic rank representation ［J］. Pattern Recognition, 2016, 60: 13-24.

[3] [3] FEI Z, QIANG Q. Face detection based on rectangular knowledge rule and face structure ［C］//Proceedings of the 2009 1st IEEE International Conference on Information Science and Engineering. Nanjing, China: IEEE, 2009: 56-64.

[4] [4] SHI Z Y, LIN M J, GAO Z B, et al. Face recognition based on improved LBP algorithm ［J］. Journal of Computers, 2019, 30(4): 122-129.

[5] [5] ARAKI Y, SHIMADA N, SHIRAI Y. Face detection and face direction estimation using color and shape features ［M］//ARAI E, ARAI T, TAKANO M. Human Friendly Mechatronics, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001: 229-234.

[6] [6] PUJOL F A, PUJOL M, JIMENO-MORENILLA A, et al. Face detection based on skin color segmentation using fuzzy entropy ［J］. Entropy, 2017, 19(1): 26.

[10] [10] AI H Z, LIANG L H, XU G Y. Face detection based on template matching and support vector machines ［J］. Chinese Journal of Computers, 2002, 1(1): 1006-1009.

[11] [11] SOULA A, TBARKI K, KSANTINI R, et al. A novel incremental kernel nonparametric SVM model (iKN-SVM) for data classification: an application to face detection ［J］. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 2020, 89: 103468.

[13] [13] LI H X, LIN Z, SHEN X H, et al. A convolutional neural network cascade for face detection ［C］//Proceedings of 2015 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Boston, USA: IEEE, 2015: 1123-1127.

[14] [14] BISHOP C M. Pattern recognition and machine learning ［J］. Information Science and Statistics,2006, 56(23): 198-201.

[15] [15] YING Y B, WANG J P, JIANG H Y. Inspecting diameter and defect area of fruit with machine vision ［J］. Transactions of the CSAE, 2002, 18(5): 216-220.

[19] [19] HUANG L H, CAO L H, LI N, et al. A state perception method for infrared dim and small targets with deep learning ［J］. Chinese Optics, 2019, 12(6): 1348-1361.

[21] [21] DENG L Y. Genetic algorithm LVQ neural network application in remote sensing image classification ［J］. Modern Electronic Technology, 2020(1): 40-43.

[22] [22] ZHANG Q, ZHANG X, TIAN Y, et al. Study on recognition of wear degree of pick based on LVQ neural network ［J］. Journal of Sensing Technology, 2018, 31(11): 105-110.