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Chinese Journal of Lasers, Volume. 52, Issue 12, 1202203(2025)

Effects of Laser Manufactured Layer Surface Grinding on Microstructure and Surface Hardness Uniformity of Fe90 Alloy Additive Layer

Zhilong Wang1, Yinghua Lin1、*, Weifeng Zhang1, Xin Kang2, Longsheng Peng3,4, and Xinlin Wang1
Author Affiliations
  • 1Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Micro-Nano Technology and Laser Advanced Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan , China
  • 2School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Putian University, Putian 351100, Fujian , China
  • 3Hunan Lifang Roller Co., Ltd., Hengyang 421681, Hunan , China
  • 4Hunan High Wear Resistant Alloy Material Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center, Hengyang 421681, Hunan , China
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    Schematics of laser cladding experimental setup and surface treatment of manufactured layer. (a) Laser cladding experimental setup; (b) schematic of surface grinding of manufactured layer

    Fig. 1. Schematics of laser cladding experimental setup and surface treatment of manufactured layer. (a) Laser cladding experimental setup; (b) schematic of surface grinding of manufactured layer

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    Schematics of hardness test. (a) 3D view; (b) cross section

    Fig. 2. Schematics of hardness test. (a) 3D view; (b) cross section

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    Macroscopic morphologies of Fe90 additive layers before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a) Additive layer surface before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b) additive layer surface after surface grinding of manufactured layer; (c) cross section of additive layer surface before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (d) cross section of additive layer surface after surface grinding of manufactured layer; (e) longitudinal section of additive layer surface before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (f) longitudinal section of additive layer surface after surface grinding of manufactured layer

    Fig. 3. Macroscopic morphologies of Fe90 additive layers before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a) Additive layer surface before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b) additive layer surface after surface grinding of manufactured layer; (c) cross section of additive layer surface before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (d) cross section of additive layer surface after surface grinding of manufactured layer; (e) longitudinal section of additive layer surface before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (f) longitudinal section of additive layer surface after surface grinding of manufactured layer

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    Observation positions of cross sections of Fe90 additive layers at same depths before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a) Observation positions before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b) observation positions after surface grinding of manufactured layer

    Fig. 4. Observation positions of cross sections of Fe90 additive layers at same depths before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a) Observation positions before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b) observation positions after surface grinding of manufactured layer

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    Microstructures of cross sections of Fe90 additive layers at same depths before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a1)‒(a9) Microstructures at different positions before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b1)‒(b9) microstructures at different positions after surface grinding of manufactured layer

    Fig. 5. Microstructures of cross sections of Fe90 additive layers at same depths before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a1)‒(a9) Microstructures at different positions before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b1)‒(b9) microstructures at different positions after surface grinding of manufactured layer

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    Grain sizes of cross sections of Fe90 additive layers at same depths before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a) Grain size before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b) grain size after surface grinding of manufactured layer

    Fig. 6. Grain sizes of cross sections of Fe90 additive layers at same depths before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a) Grain size before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b) grain size after surface grinding of manufactured layer

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    Observation positions of longitudinal sections of Fe90 additive layers at same depths before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a) Observation positions before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b) observation positions after surface grinding of manufactured layer

    Fig. 7. Observation positions of longitudinal sections of Fe90 additive layers at same depths before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a) Observation positions before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b) observation positions after surface grinding of manufactured layer

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    Microstructures of longitudinal sections of Fe90 additive layers at same depths before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a1)‒(a9) Microstructures at different positions before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b1)‒(b9) microstructures at different positions after surface grinding of manufactured layer

    Fig. 8. Microstructures of longitudinal sections of Fe90 additive layers at same depths before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a1)‒(a9) Microstructures at different positions before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b1)‒(b9) microstructures at different positions after surface grinding of manufactured layer

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    Grain sizes of longitudinal sections of Fe90 additive layers at same depths before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer . (a) Grain size before surface grinding of manufactured layer ; (b) grain size after surface grinding of manufactured layer

    Fig. 9. Grain sizes of longitudinal sections of Fe90 additive layers at same depths before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer . (a) Grain size before surface grinding of manufactured layer ; (b) grain size after surface grinding of manufactured layer

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    XRD patterns of Fe90 additive layers before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer . (a) XRD pattern; (b) local amplification

    Fig. 10. XRD patterns of Fe90 additive layers before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer . (a) XRD pattern; (b) local amplification

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    EDS line scanning analysis of additive layer and phase diagram of Fe-Cr-C ternary alloy. (a) Vertical line scanning positions; (b) element distributions in vertical direction; (c) horizontal line scanning positions; (d) elemental distributions in horizontal direction; (e) phase diagram of Fe-Cr-C ternary alloy

    Fig. 11. EDS line scanning analysis of additive layer and phase diagram of Fe-Cr-C ternary alloy. (a) Vertical line scanning positions; (b) element distributions in vertical direction; (c) horizontal line scanning positions; (d) elemental distributions in horizontal direction; (e) phase diagram of Fe-Cr-C ternary alloy

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    Contour maps of surface microhardnesses of Fe90 additive layers before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a) Schematic diagram of hardness test; (b) contour map of surface microhardness of Fe90 additive layer before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (c) contour map of surface microhardness of Fe90 additive layer after surface grinding of manufactured layer

    Fig. 12. Contour maps of surface microhardnesses of Fe90 additive layers before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a) Schematic diagram of hardness test; (b) contour map of surface microhardness of Fe90 additive layer before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (c) contour map of surface microhardness of Fe90 additive layer after surface grinding of manufactured layer

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    Friction coefficients, wear profiles, wear losses and wear rates of additive layer before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a) Coefficient of friction; (b) wear profile ; (c) wear loss; (d) wear rate

    Fig. 13. Friction coefficients, wear profiles, wear losses and wear rates of additive layer before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer. (a) Coefficient of friction; (b) wear profile ; (c) wear loss; (d) wear rate

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    Wear mark morphologies of additive layer before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer . (a) OM image of wear mark morphology of additive layer before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b) OM image of wear mark morphology of additive layer after surface grinding of manufactured layer

    Fig. 14. Wear mark morphologies of additive layer before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer . (a) OM image of wear mark morphology of additive layer before surface grinding of manufactured layer; (b) OM image of wear mark morphology of additive layer after surface grinding of manufactured layer

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    • Table 1. Chemical compositions of Cr12MoV steel and Fe90 alloy powder (mass fraction, %)

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      Table 1. Chemical compositions of Cr12MoV steel and Fe90 alloy powder (mass fraction, %)

      ElementCVSiMnCrMoNiFe
      Cr12MoV1.45‒1.700.15‒0.30≤0.40≤0.4011.00‒12.500.40‒0.60Bal.
      Fe900.301.000.9014.000.970.40Bal.

    • Table 2. Characteristics of surface microhardnesses of additive layers before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer

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      Table 2. Characteristics of surface microhardnesses of additive layers before and after surface grinding of manufactured layer

      ConditionMaximum hardness /HVMinimum hardness /HVR /HVAverage hardness /HVS
      Before surface grinding of manufactured layer592.6414.5178.1533.245.7
      After surface grinding of manufactured layer607.7510.297.5568.323.9
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    Zhilong Wang, Yinghua Lin, Weifeng Zhang, Xin Kang, Longsheng Peng, Xinlin Wang. Effects of Laser Manufactured Layer Surface Grinding on Microstructure and Surface Hardness Uniformity of Fe90 Alloy Additive Layer[J]. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2025, 52(12): 1202203

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    Paper Information

    Category: Laser Surface Machining

    Received: Nov. 6, 2024

    Accepted: Jan. 21, 2025

    Published Online: May. 26, 2025

    The Author Email: Yinghua Lin (lyh351258@163.com)

    DOI:10.3788/CJL241323

    CSTR:32183.14.CJL241323

    Topics

    laser devices and laser physics
    Lasers and Laser Optics
    Laser physics
    laser manufacturing
    Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology