Fig. 1. Diagram of electromagnetic isotope separator

Fig. 2. Layout of the double ridged waveguide

Fig. 3. Microwave electrical field (a) and power density distribution (b) excited by TE₁₀ mode port

Fig. 4. Sectional view of 2.45 GHz microwave ion source and extraction system

Fig. 5. 3-D computing model for magnetic field distribution of the ion source

Fig. 6. Axial magnetic field distribution along the Z-axis

Fig. 7. Discharge chamber setup (a) and temperature distribution of the chamber (b)

Fig. 8. 20 emA Xe⁺ beam extraction at 40 kV potential, the beam envelope in the horizontal direction (a), and simulated phase space distribution (b)

Fig. 9. 20 emA Xe⁺ beam extraction at 40 kV potential, the beam envelope in the vertical direction (a), and simulated phase space distribution (b)

Fig. 10. Snapshot of 2.45 GHz ECR ion source test bench

Fig. 11. Source magnetic field distribution under different solenoid currents

Fig. 12. Beam pulsed shape measurement with a Faraday cup, frequency at 50 Hz, pulse width 3 ms