The ore pass is an important part of the mining system, and its deformation degree is directly related to the safe production of the mine. Aiming at the problems of traditional detection methods such as low efficiency, poor accuracy, and intuitionistic results, the article proposes a method for detecting deformation of the main ore pass based on simultaneous localization and mapping technology. First, a handheld type based on SLAM technology is designed. The laser scanner acquires data inside the main ore pass, and uses the three-dimensional Delaunay growth method to construct a three-dimensional ore pass model to accurately extract the internal deformation information. Deformation detection of a pass in a gold mine in Shandong. Experimental results show that mobile measurement based on SLAM technology can quickly and comprehensively obtain three-dimensional data inside the pass, and the results can meet the accuracy requirements of the later treatment work of the ore pass well.