Bias-drift-free Mach–Zehnder modulators based on a heterogeneous silicon and lithium niobate platform

Shihao Sun; Mingbo He; Mengyue Xu; Shengqian Gao; Ziyan Chen; Xian Zhang; Ziliang Ruan; Xiong Wu; Lidan Zhou; Lin Liu; Chao Lu; Changjian Guo; Liu Liu; Siyuan Yu; Xinlun Cai

doi:10.1364/PRJ.403167

Photonics Research, Volume. 8, Issue 12, 1958(2020)

Bias-drift-free Mach–Zehnder modulators based on a heterogeneous silicon and lithium niobate platform Editors' Pick

Shihao Sun¹, Mingbo He¹, Mengyue Xu¹, Shengqian Gao¹, Ziyan Chen¹, Xian Zhang², Ziliang Ruan², Xiong Wu³, Lidan Zhou¹, Lin Liu¹, Chao Lu³, Changjian Guo², Liu Liu⁴, Siyuan Yu¹, and Xinlun Cai^1、*

Author Affiliations

¹State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China

²Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Higher-Education Mega-Center, Guangzhou, China

³Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Photonics Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China

⁴State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

show less

References(32)

[1] R. Soref. The past, present, and future of silicon photonics. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 12, 1678-1687(2006).

[2] B. Jalali, S. Fathpour. Silicon photonics. J. Lightwave Technol., 24, 4600-4615(2006).

[3] M. Asghari, A. Krishnamoorthy. Energy-efficient communication. Nat. Photonics, 5, 268-270(2011).

[4] R. Won. Integrating silicon photonics. Nat. Photonics, 4, 498-499(2010).

[5] G. T. Reed, G. Mashanovich, F. Y. Gardes, D. J. Thomson. Silicon optical modulators. Nat. Photonics, 4, 518-526(2010).

[6] Q. Xu, B. Schmidt, S. Pradhan, M. Lipson. Micrometre-scale silicon electro-optic modulator. Nature, 435, 325-327(2005).

[7] E. Timurdogan, C. Sorace-Agaskar, J. Sun, E. S. Hosseini, A. Biberman, M. R. Watts. An ultralow power athermal silicon modulator. Nat. Commun., 5, 4008(2014).

[8] J. Lin, H. Sepehrian, L. A. Rusch, W. Shi. Single-carrier 72 GBaud 32QAM and 84 GBaud 16QAM transmission using a SiP IQ modulator with joint digital-optical pre-compensation. Opt. Express, 27, 5610-5619(2019).

[9] D. Marris-Morini, C. Baudot, J.-M. Fédéli, G. Rasigade, N. Vulliet, A. Souhaité, M. Ziebell, P. Rivallin, S. Olivier, P. Crozat, X. Le Roux, D. Bouville, S. Menezo, F. Bœuf, L. Vivien. Low loss 40 Gbit/s silicon modulator based on interleaved junctions and fabricated on 300 mm SOI wafers. Opt. Express, 21, 22471-22475(2013).

[10] C. Zhang, P. A. Morton, J. B. Khurgin, J. D. Peters, J. E. Bowers. Ultralinear heterogeneously integrated ring-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer modulator on silicon. Optica, 3, 1483-1488(2016).

[11] M. Li, L. Wang, X. Li, X. Xiao, S. Yu. Silicon intensity Mach–Zehnder modulator for single lane 100 Gb/s applications. Photon. Res., 6, 109-116(2018).

[12] M. Liu, X. Yin, E. Ulin-Avila, B. Geng, T. Zentgraf, L. Ju, F. Wang, X. Zhang. A graphene-based broadband optical modulator. Nature, 474, 64-67(2011).

[13] Y. Tang, J. D. Peters, J. E. Bowers. Over 67 GHz bandwidth hybrid silicon electroabsorption modulator with asymmetric segmented electrode for 1.3 μm transmission. Opt. Express, 20, 11529-11535(2012).

[14] F. Eltes, C. Mai, D. Caimi, M. Kroh, Y. Popoff, G. Winzer, D. Petousi, S. Lischke, J. E. Ortmann, L. Czornomaz, L. Zimmermann, J. Fompeyrine, S. Abel. A BaTiO₃-based electro-optic Pockels modulator monolithically integrated on an advanced silicon photonics platform. J. Lightwave Technol., 37, 1456-1462(2019).

[15] A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’Innocenti, P. Günter. Electro-optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate. Nat. Photonics, 1, 407-410(2007).

[16] D. Janner, D. Tulli, M. García-Granda, M. Belmonte, V. Pruneri. Micro-structured integrated electro-optic LiNbO₃ modulators. Laser Photon. Rev., 3, 301-313(2009).

[17] C. Wang, M. Zhang, X. Chen, M. Bertrand, A. Shams-Ansari, S. Chandrasekhar, P. Winzer, M. Lončar. Integrated lithium niobate electro-optic modulators operating at CMOS-compatible voltages. Nature, 562, 101-104(2018).

[18] A. Boes, B. Corcoran, L. Chang, J. Bowers, A. Mitchell. Status and potential of lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) for photonic integrated circuits. Laser Photon. Rev., 12, 1700256(2018).

[19] A. Rao, S. Fathpour. Compact lithium niobate electrooptic modulators. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., 24, 3400114(2018).

[20] A. Guarino, G. Poberaj, D. Rezzonico, R. Degl’Innocenti, P. Günter. Electro-optically tunable microring resonators in lithium niobate. Nat. Photonics, 1, 407-410(2007).

[21] A. Rao, A. Patil, P. Rabiei, A. Honardoost, R. DeSalvo, A. Paolella, S. Fathpour. High-performance and linear thin-film lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators on silicon up to 50 GHz. Opt. Lett., 41, 5700-5703(2016).

[22] A. J. Mercante, S. Shi, P. Yao, L. Xie, R. M. Weikle, D. W. Prather. Thin film lithium niobate electro-optic modulator with terahertz operating bandwidth. Opt. Express, 26, 14810-14816(2018).

[23] L. Chen, Q. Xu, M. G. Wood, R. M. Reano. Hybrid silicon and lithium niobate electro-optical ring modulator. Optica, 1, 112-118(2014).

[24] R. Baets, B. Kuyken. High speed phase modulators for silicon photonic integrated circuits: a role for lithium niobate?. Adv. Photon., 1, 030502(2019).

[25] A. N. R. Ahmed, S. Nelan, S. Shi, P. Yao, A. Mercante, D. W. Prather. Subvolt electro-optical modulator on thin-film lithium niobate and silicon nitride hybrid platform. Opt. Lett., 45, 1112-1115(2020).

[26] A. Honardoost, F. A. Juneghani, R. Safian, S. Fathpour. Towards subterahertz bandwidth ultracompact lithium niobate electrooptic modulators. Opt. Express, 27, 6495-6501(2019).

[27] M. He, M. Xu, Y. Ren, J. Jian, Z. Ruan, Y. Xu, S. Gao, S. Sun, X. Wen, L. Zhou, L. Liu, C. Guo, H. Chen, S. Yu, L. Liu, X. Cai. High-performance hybrid silicon and lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators for 100 Gbit s^–1 and beyond. Nat. Photonics, 13, 359-364(2019).

[28] J. P. Salvestrini, L. Guilbert, M. Fontana, M. Abarkan, S. Gille. Analysis and control of the DC drift in LiNbO₃-based Mach–Zehnder modulators. J. Lightwave Technol., 29, 1522-1534(2011).

[29] H. Kawakami, E. Yoshida, Y. Miyamoto. Auto bias control technique based on asymmetric bias dithering for optical QPSK modulation. J. Lightwave Technol., 30, 962-968(2012).

[30] Y. Li, Y. Zhang, Y. Huang. Any bias point control technique for Mach–Zehnder Modulator. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., 25, 2412-2415(2013).

[31] L. L. Wang, T. Kowalcyzk. A versatile bias control technique for any-point locking in lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators. J. Lightwave Technol., 28, 1703-1706(2010).

[32] M. Xu, M. He, H. Zhang, J. Jian, Y. Pan, X. Liu, L. Chen, X. Meng, H. Chen, Z. Li, X. Xiao, S. Yu, S. Yu, X. Cai. High-performance coherent optical modulators based on thin-film lithium niobate platform. Nat. Commun., 11, 3911(2020).

CLP Journals

[1] Mengyue Xu, Mingbo He, Yuntao Zhu, Lin Liu, Lifeng Chen, Siyuan Yu, Xinlun Cai, "Integrated thin film lithium niobate Fabry–Perot modulator [Invited]," Chin. Opt. Lett. 19, 060003 (2021)

[2] Min Tan, Kaixuan Ye, Da Ming, Yuhang Wang, Zhicheng Wang, Li Jin, Junbo Feng. Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning[J]. Journal of Semiconductors, 2021, 42(2): 023104

[3] Xuecheng Liu, Bing Xiong, Changzheng Sun, Jian Wang, Zhibiao Hao, Lai Wang, Yanjun Han, Hongtao Li, Jiadong Yu, Yi Luo, "Wideband thin-film lithium niobate modulator with low half-wave-voltage length product," Chin. Opt. Lett. 19, 060016 (2021)

Tools

Get Citation

Copy Citation Text

Shihao Sun, Mingbo He, Mengyue Xu, Shengqian Gao, Ziyan Chen, Xian Zhang, Ziliang Ruan, Xiong Wu, Lidan Zhou, Lin Liu, Chao Lu, Changjian Guo, Liu Liu, Siyuan Yu, Xinlun Cai, "Bias-drift-free Mach–Zehnder modulators based on a heterogeneous silicon and lithium niobate platform," Photonics Res. 8, 1958 (2020)

Download Citation

EndNote(RIS)BibTex Plain Text

Set citation alerts for article

Save article for my favorites

Paper Information

Category: Integrated Optics

Received: Jul. 20, 2020

Accepted: Oct. 22, 2020

Published Online: Dec. 1, 2020

The Author Email: Xinlun Cai (Caixlun5@mail.sysu.edu.cn)

DOI:10.1364/PRJ.403167

Topics

laser devices and laser physics

Lasers and Laser Optics

Laser physics

laser manufacturing

Instrumentation, Measurement and Metrology