Fig. 1. (a) Schematic illustration of the LC-integrated metasurface; (b) micrograph of the designed metasurface. Inset shows the detailed dimensions: p = 110 µm; d₁ = d₂ = 30 µm; d₃ = 20 µm; h₁ = 10 µm; and h₂ = 40 µm.

Fig. 2. (a) Reflection and (b) transmission spectra of the metasurface for x-polarized incidence; (c) electric field and (d) current density distribution of a single unit at 1.07 THz. The white dashed arrows in (d) depict the directions of induced surface currents.

Fig. 3. Measured (a) reflection and (b) transmission at θ = 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°, respectively; simulated (c) reflection and (d) transmission when the easy axis of the LC is along the x axis (red curve) and y axis (blue curve), respectively.

Fig. 4. (a) Schematic diagram of the DMD-based polarization exposing setup; (b) measured dependency of the transmission modulation depth on the frequency; (c) measured LC director distributions of the STM when outputting “T”, “H,” and “Z;” (d) amplitude modulations of the STM when outputting “T”, “H,” and “Z” at 0.94 THz. All scale bars indicate 1 mm.

Fig. 5. Fresnel zone plate with f = 6 mm. (a) Measured LC distribution; intensity distribution at the focal plane when applying voltages of (b) 0 V and (c) 20 V, respectively.